Anatomy Lecture Final #5 - Cartilage and Bone Tissue
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 5 Types of Connective Tissue | Bone, Blood, Cartilage, Connective Tissue Proper (Dense and Loose) |
| Types of Cartilage | Hyaline - most abundant Fibrocartilage Elastic |
| Location of Hyaline Cartilage | Trachea, articular cartilage, epiphyseal plate, fetal skeleton, costal cartilage, nose |
| Location of Fibrocartilage | Intervertebral discs, menisci of knee, pubic symphysis |
| Location of Elastic Cartilage | Epiglottis and auricle of ear |
| Characteristics and Functions | Characteristics: weaker than bone, flexible, avascular Functions: support soft tissue, articular surfaces for joints, makes up fetal skeleton |
| Structure of Cartilage | Chondroblasts, Chondrocytes, Extracellular matrix, Perichondrium |
| Bone | Osseous connective tissue, calcified extracellular matrix |
| Functions of Bone | Support and protect, Movement, Hemopoiesis, Storage of minerals and energy reserves |
| Classification by Structure - Bone | Long, short, flat, irregular |
| Structure of Long Bones | Type of Bone: compact, spongy Regional terms: Epiphysis (ends), diaphysis (shaft), metaphysis (has epiphyseal plate or line), articular cartilage, medullary cavity, endosteum, periosteum, perforating fibers, nutrient foramen |
| Cells of Bone | Osteoprogenitor cells - creates other cells Osteoblasts - builds bone Osteocytes - maintains bones Osteoclasts - consumes bone |
| Classification by Histology | Compact bone - solid, lined by periosteum, superficial regions of bone Spongy bone - porous, lined by endosteum, deeper regions of bone |
| Structure of Compact Bone | Osteon, central canal, concentric lamellae (rings), osteocytes (bugs), lacunae (bug cavities), canaliculi (branches), perforating canals |
| Structure of Spongy Bone | Trabeculae - spongy shape Parallel lamellae Osteocytes within lacunae Canaliculi |
| Osteogenesis | Intramembranous Ossification - membrane turning to bone, most clavicle-up bones form this way Endochondral ossification - cartilage turns to bone, most clavicle-down bones form this way |
| Bones Growth | Occurs during childhood and adolescence, interstitial growth (length), appositional growth (thickness). |
| Bone Fractures | Simple fracture, open fracture, stress fracture, pathologic facture |
| Fracture Repair | fracture hematoma forms, fibrocartilage forms, hard callus forms, bone remodeled |
| Disorders of Bone | Osteomalacia - Rickets, soft bones, vitamin C and Calcium deficiency Osteoporosis - Excessive bone resorption |
| Osteitis Deformans | Over shaving and building bones in different areas |
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