| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Five major regions | xien sheng, mongolia, tibet, manchuria, heartland. |
| Heartland | similar to our climate, grow a lot of crops, lots of trade. |
| Manchuria | rich in natural resources, many wars fought here |
| Tibet | plateau, not always part of china, nice people |
| Mongolia | Mongols from here, desert |
| Xien Sheng | border Russia, more "slavic", had oil |
| Two Deserts | Taklomakin and Gobi Desert |
| Mountain Ranges | Himalaya Mts, Tien Shen Mts |
| Huang He River | river with deadly floods, in northern china, 3,395 miles long, carries loess, often call Yellow River |
| Loess | Yellow looking silt |
| Yangtzee River | 3915 miles long, 3rd longest river in the world |
| Xi River | southern most river, very good delta |
| Hsia Dynasty | First Legendary Dynasty |
| Shang Dynasty | 1650-1027 with capital city Anyang, known as golden age, very superstitious, worshiped ancestors, made silk, porcelain, fell to Zhou Dynasty. |
| Anyang | Capital city of Shang Dynasty |
| Gentry | Nobles in social structure |
| Shang Social Structure | King-Gentry-Merchants/Artisans-Peasants |
| Peasants | Majority of Shang people, lived in small villages, farming when not fixing roads. |
| Shang Di | Main God of Shang Dynasty |
| Oracle Bones | took tortoise shells and wrote questions on them, then put on fire and "cracks" then it is read. |
| Pictographs | form or writing, must know 5,000 to be literate |
| Caligraphy | stylized writing |
| Zhou Dynasty | 1027-221 B.C., claimed gods told them to overthrow shang, aka iron age, made a lot of stuff out of jade, only emperor wore yellow, peaceful at beginning. |
| Dynasty | Ruling Family |
| Dynastic Cycle | 1. New empereor brings imrpoved economy, lower taxes, etc. 2. Gods send "signs" aka natural disasters 3. People Rebel 4. Aging Dynasty becomes corrupt 5. new dynasty is given mandate |
| Legalism | started by Hanfezi, "man is bad", needs very strict government with lots of punishments, lots of rules. |
| Hanfezi | Started Legalism |
| Taoism | "the way", started by Lao Tsu, "man is good", should live around nature, less government is better. |
| Ying Yang | Forces of nature, yin- negative, weak, dark, female. yang- bright, positive, strong, male. Each balance each other out, needs to be perfect. |
| Qi | A substances that goes through entire body, too much makes sick, uses acupuncture. |
| Confucius | born into noble class, ideas written down in Analects, very philosophical. |
| Analects | Confucius' ideas written here, basis of government. |
| Doctrine of Human Nature | First doctrine, man is good and can correct mistakes, anyone can acquire knowledge with effort, knowledge=power. |
| Doctrine of Human Relationships | Second doctrine, 5 relationships in society, Ruler to ruled, father to son, husband to wife, elder to younger, friend to friend. Each side must had filial piety |
| Filial Piety | Mutual Respect |
| Doctrine of Moderation | third doctrine, do things moderately, golden rule |
| Doctrine of Rectification of Names | fourth doctrine, need to role play to achieve harmony, know the role your in and act accordingly. |
| Doctrine of Religion | fifth doctrine, no relgion, know yourself first |
| Feudalism | a system of government where a lord is provided land in exchange for military protection and services. |
| Shi Huang Di | conquers different feuded systems, first emperor of united China, legalist, rules with iron fist, very mean, standardizes weights and measures, issues new coins, standardized writing, makes everyone speak same language, helps improve transportation, standardizes axels, had rest stops a long roads, centralized China into 36 districts with 3 officials at each who reported to him, abolished feudalism, burned books, standardizes law, held entire families accountable for crimes, started building great wall of china. |
| Terra Cota Soldiers | clay soldiers inside Shi Huang Di's tomb. |
| Great Wall of China | a huge wall, a fortification 1,500 miles long built across northern China in the 3rd century BC |
| Han Dynasty | started by Liu Bang, 202-220 |
| Liu Bang | peasant that rose to greatness, started Han Dynasty, eases legalist polices, centralizes government, had local officials running provinces, eased taxes, revives Confucianism, well liked, dies 195, son who is a baby put to thrown. |
| Empress Lu | Rules on behalf of baby, was a concubine, kills own son so she can rule, puts family members at high positions, becomes wealthy, when she died family is killed too. |
| Concubine | Emperors prostitute |
| Wudi | helps china a lot, rules 141-187, lots of names give to him, took aggressive actions, expands china, practices land reform, brings Confucianism back, starts schools, does monopoly on iron, gold, salt, liquor. |
| Civil Service Exam | an exam to get a government job, very hard, expensive, took a long time |
| Monopoly | One company owns all goods/businesses |
| Ben Zhao | Chinese scholar that wrote lessons for women, 7 feminine virtues including being humble, not laughing, working very hard, do all chores, put herself last, take insults, modest. |
| Silk Roads | 4,000 Mile trade route from china to europe, most did not return, very dangerous. |
| Wang Mang | was an advisor to child, decided to rule for herself in 9-23 A.D., sets up granaries, minced new money, land reform, blamed for big flood, wasn't popular with rich/merchants. |
| Period of Disunity | 220-589 A.D., barbarians take over, lots of fighting with the huns, buddhism spreads throughout china, diets change, rice replaces wheat, lots of vegatables. |
| Sui Dynasty | 589-618 A.D., founded by Wen Di |
| Wen DI | founded Sui Dynasty, unites north and south china, divides up public land, dies 604 and son takes over. |
| Yang Di | builds new capital, forces people to build it, has grand canal built, cruel ruler, eventually assassinated. |
| Loyang | Capital of Sui dynasty built by Yang Di |
| Tang Dynasty | 618-906 A.D.. "Golden Age", lots of porcelain, everyone wanted it, had mechanical clock, block printing. |
| Great Canal | canal that connects Yang Tzi and Wang HI river |
| Li Shimin | changes name to Tang Taizang, 627-649 A.D, great general and war hero, expanded chinas border, encourage trade, allowed buddhism to spread, let foreign religions in, gives top government jobs to people who pass civil service exam, capital was biggest with 1 million people. |
| Wu Zhao | Only female empress in China to rule in her own name, used a lot of trickery to get position, good ruler, cut taxes, raised salary of government officials, opens schools, makes civil exam more fair, encourages trade, buddhism, allows criticism of government. |
| Li Bo | Poet who criticized government, turned out to be court poet because Wu Zhao liked what he said. |
| Song Dynasty | "golden age" started b Tai Zhao 960-1279, discovered new rice, 100 million living in china, lots of trade, invented magnetic compass, had a navy, brought in cotton, peppers, had paper money, explosive gun powder, moveable printing, lots of black and white landscape painting, women bind feet. |
| Foot Binding | Broke feet and bind them so they were 4 inches or less |
| Yuan Dynasty | 1279-1368, Only time China ruled by foreign people |
| Kublai Khan | promoted trade, liked foreigners, extended grand canal, built highways, postal service, allows Confucianism, chinese could not have high ranking government jobs, could not be in military either, tries to conquer japan and fails. |
| Marco Polo | Italian guy who worked for Kublai Khan for 17 years, told stories about China that people didn't believe. |
| Ming Dynasty | 1368-1644 Started by Ming Hong Wu |
| Ming Hong Wu | song of peasant, started Ming dynasty, reformed agriculture, increased rice production, more crops, irrigated, cash crops (cotton, sugar), encourages Confucianism, civil service exam re-introduced, gets crazy as older and kills people. |
| Yonglo | takes over after father, spreads chinese culture, sent out 7 expeditions to india, southeast asia, and africa, send silk, goods, china in big ships, done after 7 because too expensive, China isolates itself in 1433. |
| Zheng He | Sailor guy that went one 7 expeditions. |
| Forbidden City | Huge palaces, luxurious, only emperors and family can live there |
| Eunich | man the have genitals cut off, worked for emperor and with concubines. |
Combine with other sets
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