| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Four groups depending on temperature | Psychrophiles, Mesophiles, Thermophiles, Hyperthermophiles |
| Psychrophile optimum temperature | 0-20 C |
| Adaptations to psychrophily (flexibility) | Cell membranes and Proteins |
| Psychrophile Cell Membrane | Increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| Psychrophile Proteins | Increase in alpha helices and polar amino acids |
| Mesophile optimum temperature | 25-40 C |
| Thermophile optimum temperature | 50-80 C |
| Adaptations to Thermophily (stability) | Cell membrane, Proteins, DNA |
| Thermophile Cell Membrane | Increase in saturated fatty acids |
| Thermophile Protein | Increase in non-polar and charged amino acids |
| Thermophile DNA | Increased G:C content |
| Adaptations to Hyperthermophily (Stability) | Cell Membrane, DNA |
| Hyperthermophile Cell Membrane | Lipid monolayer, ether-linked isoprenes |
| Hyperthermophile DNA | Positive Supercoiling |
| Significance of Optimum Temperature | Protein function, cell membrane fluidity/stability |
| Three groups depending on pH | Neutrophiles, Acidophiles, Alkaliphiles |
| Neutrophile Optimum pH | 5.4-8.0 |
| Acidophile Optimum pH | 0.1-5.4 |
| Alkaliphile Optimum pH | 8.0-12.0 |
| Acidophile/Alkaliphile Adaptations | Pump H+ or OH- from cytoplasm |
| Halophiles | Moderate and extreme |
| Moderate Halophile [salt] | 3.5% |
| Extreme Halophile [salt] | 20-30% |
| Adaptations for Halophily | Increase cytoplasmic [ion, organic solute] |
| Barophiles | 400-800 atm |
| Adaptations for Barophily | Increased polyunsaturated fatty acids |
| Why adapt to extreme environments? | decrease in competition, evolved within environment |
| What dictates survival in presence of Oxygen? | Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase/Peroxidase |
| Five groups depending on Oxygen | Obligate Aerobe, Microaerophile, Aerotolerant anaerobe, Facultative anaerobe, obligate anaerobe |
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