World History 9 Mid-Term Exam

Terms	Definitions
Hinduism	This was the favored religion of the Gupta Dynasty.
Chandragupta II	One of the most famous emperors of the Gupta Dynasty' defeated the Shakas and won control of the trade with the Middle East and China.
Caste System	This divided people into four major groups and setup strict rules for living.
Reincarnation	Hindus believed in the concept of _______________, a belief that they must accept their status so that they would return in the "next life" in a higher form.
Huns	The fierce tribe of nomadic warriors from central Asia that invaded India in 450, leading to the decline of the Gupta Empire.
Silk Road	The trade route Chinese merchants traveled along to exchange goods, customs, art and ideas.
Great Schism	Rivalry over territory and a dispute about religious beliefs that split the Christian Orthodox Church.
Bureaucracy	A large efficient organization of goverment.
Mandarins	Tang Dynasty government officials were known as...
Wu Zhao	She was the only female Empress of the Tang Dynasty. She lowered taxes and reduced peasant labor.
Justinian	This Emperor managed to conquer many lands around the Mediterranean Sea that allowered the Byzantine Empire to grow to its largest size.
Heraclius	This Emperor led the Byzantine army against the Persians and Slavs using an army of local peasants.
Leo III	This Emperor defeated the Arabs at Constantinople in 717 using the aid of Greek fire.
Ottomans	The group of Muslims that captured Constantinople from the Byzantines and ended their empire in 1453.
Decentralized	Outlying kingdoms, towns and villages that are largely self-governing within a territory is known as a/an_____________ government.
Ramayana	is a tale of an adventurous hero who is separated from his wife for many years
Sati	This was a tradition practiced by Gupta widows in which they would commit suicide by throwning themselves on their husband's funeral pyre (burning body).
Constantinople	This city grew in importance as a commercial center for Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.
Buffer Zone	Byzantium's location between Western Europe and the Middle East was known as a/an:
Mahabharata	Is a tale that contains moral lessons and is respected as a source of religious inspiration and instruction.
Code of Justinian	The collection of laws that were taken from old Roman law and rewritten so that they could be easily understood.
Roman Catholic Church	This brand of the Orthodox Church believed icons gave people a deeper understanding of Christian ideals.
Civil service examinations	A difficult assessment used during the Tang Dynasty given to those who wished to become government officials.
Primacy	The dispute between church leaders and emperors over power within a terriroty
Eastern Orthodox Church	This side of the Orthodox Church believed that praying to icons was a form of idolatry and banned it.
Islam	This was the favored religion of the Muslim civilizations.
Umayyad	This dynasty was created when the governor of Syria seized power by making himself caliph
Bill of Exchange	This enabled merchants at home to order their bankers in distant location to pay money to their business agents.
Oases	Fertile spots where underground streams welled up to the desert's surface.
Caliph	Arabian leadership title that means "successor"
Caste System	This divided people into four major groups and setup strict rules for living.
Fatimid	This dynasty's leaders were descendants of the Prophet Muhammad through his daughter...
Muhammad	Was the messenger of Allah and taught the Arabs about Islam
Joint-Stock Company	The financing of a venture trading voyage by selling shares of its future profits.
Diwan	This Muslim department of governemnt was an agency in charge of financing the army.
Byzantine	Thie empire began as the eastern part of the Roman Empire.
Confucius	The Tang Dynasty's civil service examination was modeled after this philosopher's teachings for respect for authority, tradition and scholarship.
Bureaucracy	A large efficient organization of government.
Mandarins	Tang Dynasty government officials were known as:
Sheiks	Elected leaders of Arabic triabal social units were called:
Cyrillic	Alphabet that was developed from knowledge of the Slavic language that is still used by the Russians, Bulgarians and Serbs today.
Kievan Russia	Byzantine religion, law and trade infulenced this civilization even around the 13th century.
Sunni	The group that believes the caliph did not have to be descended from Muhammad and should only be a political leader.
Shi'ite	The group that believes the caliph must be decended from Muhammad because of inherited divine knowledge.
Aristocracy, Non-Arabic converts, Protected peoples, Slaves	The correct order of the Muslim Social Classes
Shia	In an Arabic pharse that means "supporteres of Ali"
Emirs	Arabian governors who kept order, maintained an army and collected taxes.
Bedouins	Nomadic herding people that odducpied the Arabian dessert raising camels, sheep and goats.
Agricultural, Technology and Ship Design	During the European medieval period, there was not strong centeralized government. However, advances were amde in the areas of:
A German king who conquered Europe	The rise of the Merovingan Dynasty refers to:
Franks	A Germanic group of the Merovingian family that played an important role in political development of Church during the medieval period.
Feudalism	A system of goverment or rule the involved pledges of loyalty in return for land and protection.
Papal States	Territory in Italy that was returned to Pope Stephen II after the removal of the Lomards was called:
Saladin	Muslim ruler of Syria and Egypt who retook Jerusalem from the Christians in 1187.
... expanded the Frankish empire in Europe and established a school to encourage learning.	Charlemagne had many accomplishments during his reign. Name the acccomplishments
Manorial	The economic relationship within a Feudalistic society between the lords, the peasants, and the serfs
Excommunicated	A person could become ______________ by the Pope if they violated the rules of Papal Power.
Squire	At the age of 14, a boy if noble birth would begin formal training as a knight is known as a/an:
Isolation	One of the main characteristics of the Bakuhan system of government was:
... live in multiple residencies	The Bakuhan system of government required daimyos to:
Yuan	The Mongols were placed in all the important government positions and the Chinese were placed in the lowest government positions in the ______________ Dynasty.
Silk Road	The trade route Chinese merchants traveled along to exchange goods, customs, art and ideas.
Buffer Zone	Byzantine's location between Western Europe and the Middle East was known as a/an:
Marco Polo	His book would promote the exchange of goods and ideas between China and the West
Kublai Khan	Would lead the nomadic Mongols to victory over the Chinese in 1279 and establish the Yuan Dynasty.
Shinto	The official state religion during the Yamato rule; meaning "Way of the Gods":
Prince Shotoku	Japanese ruler that used Buddhism to reform the basis of the government; wrote the "Seventeen-Article Consitution":
Byzantine	The leaders of _____________ Empire were outraged at Charlemagne's coronation as Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III
Seppuku	The ritual of sucide that requires the samurai to slash open his belly with a knife to regain his honor.
Shogun	The chief military general of the country that controlled Japan's financial affairs, courts and government appointments.
Bushido	The Japanese form of the code of chivarlry - meaning "Way of the Warrior"
Zen	An alternative form of Buddhismm that one could gain enlightenment through special kinds of meditation.
Bakuhan	This was a form of government designed to limit the power of the daimyos and strengthen the postion of the Japanese shogun
Kabuki	One of the cultural achievements of the Japanese was developing a new form of theatre that would inculde acting, dancing, music and colorful costumes. This was called:
Yuan	Kublai Khan established the _________ Dynasty after the Mongols were able to conquer China
Pax Mongolia	This policy brought a period of peace to Eurasia through the acts of tolerance and good will toward different cultural groups.
Samurai, Peasants, Artisans, Merchants	What is the order of the ridig social structure classes under the Bakuhan system of government.
King Clovis	Ruler that could not govern a large territory without the support of the bishops and divided his kingdom among his four sons.
Charles Martel	Ruler that was largely responsible for preventing the Muslims from taking over western Europe at the 732 Battle of Tours
Pepin III	Ruler that aided the Pope in pushing out the Lombards from Italy and returning portions of the territory to the Catholic Church
Charlemagne	Frankish ruler that had many military conquests and encouraged his people to seek knowledge by learning to read and write.
Shinto	Religion that honors spirits throught to inhabit natural features as trees, rocks and moutains.
Buddhism	Religion following the idea that one can gain peace through discipline and methods of concentrating
Lay Investiture	The appointment of the bishop by someone who is not a memeber of the clergy.
Tithes	Rents or taxes collected from the people who lived on the lands belonging to the Church.
Council of Clermont	Pope Urban II called for a crusade to drive the Turks out of the Holy Land
Concordat of Worms	Agreement making the distinction between political authority and spiritual authority.
Hundred Years' War	The ____________ was a war between France and England that emptied both countries treasuries and closed many Italian banking houses because they could not pay their debts.
... jobs were plentiful and peasants and craftspeople were in scarce supply	The bubonic plague changed the economic relationship between the upper and lower classes of Europe. This occurred because...
Tai Tsu	Led a successful revolt against Mongol rule and would help rebuild China by reviving it's agriculture and social structure.
Ming Dynasty	______________ reestablished their society through agriculture, restoring overcut forests and building a stong navy to protect the trading of cash crops overseas
Prince Henry	Was responsible for many of the important advances in Portuguese seamanship and technology
Bartolomeu Dias	Sought a water route to spice markets of South Asia and was the first to sail around the Cape of Good Hope, the southern tip of Africa
... trading ships carrying infected rats docked at several European ports	The bubonic plague came about because...
Vasco da Gama	His two year voyage extablished the first water trade route to India
Jews	Originally, the outbreak of the Black Plague was blamed on the ___________ who were believed to have joined in the conspiracy to kill Christians by poisoning all of the drinking water in Europe.
Flagellants	Believed that the palgue was a punishment from God and in order to avoid divine wrath formed processions and beat themselves. Members of this group were known as....
City Charter	Made cities independent of the manorial system by allowing them to govern themselves.
Guilds	__________ were organizations that protected businesspeople and set good business practices, guaranteeing the high quality of their workmanship.
Commercial Revolution	The change from fuedalism and manorialism to business and trade is called the....
Capitalism	A new economic system that developed during the Renaissance in which merchnats began to use the money they made from trade to build business
Mercantilism	The increase in global trade let to development of this new economic theory.
... the voyages of Admiral Zheng He's fleet	The Ming Dynasty's expansion of Chinese influence and long-range trade resulted from....
Renaissance	The term that refers to renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman culture; is a French word meaning "rebirth"
Secularism	Works that were done in realistic style that reflected wordly matters in the "here-and-now"
Humanism	An important movement in Renaissance literature for thos who wanted to improve their lives through learning and new experiences
Heresy	_______________ is holding an opinion on religion that goes against Church teachings
... attacks by peasants and workers against nobles and tax collectors	After the bubonic plague ended, the European ruling class attempted to regain economic control of the people by taxes and regulations. The immediate results of these actions were...
Ninety-five Theses	German monk, Martin Luther, would post this document on the door of the Wittenberg church describing his complaints against and condemning the practices of the Roman Catholic Church
Indulgences	One of the main criticism of the Catholic church made by Martin Luther was over sale of these -- promises limiting a person's stay in purgatory
Reformation	The demand for reform and religious changes in the Church that led to a new branch of Christianity was called...
Protestantism	The new branch of Christianity that was formed by Marin Luther's theses of criticisms was...
Nepotism	This known practice occured when high-ranking clergymen appointed their realtives to important positions in the Church
Act of Supremacy	A law issued by Parliamnet that made King Henry VIII the leader of the separate church and also making him more important that the pope in gegulating religious matters in England
Council of Trent	A series of three sessions held from 1545-1563 in which Catholic leaders worked out ways to change their religious practices
Counter-Reformation	The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) were largely responsible for the success of this movement within the Roman Catholic Church
Spanish Inquisition	This was a court developed by Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand that tried to determine whether or not Spanish subjects were good Catholics using tactics of fear and torture
Leonardo da Vinci	Regarded as the best example of a Renaissance person for his many skills and is more famous for the paintings Mona Lisa, The Last Supper
Michelangelo Burnarroti	He was a painter, architect and poet and he is most famous for works that inculde painting Biblical events on the ceilings of the Sistine Chapel and creating the dome on top of the Saint Peter's Church in the Vatican
Dante Alighieri	One of the first writers considered to have Renaissance characteristics and is best known for his long poem called the Divine Comedy
Giovanni Boccaccio	Wrote a book of short stories called The Decameron about a group of ten young men and women who moved to a house in the country to escape the Black Death
William Shakespeare	Wrote historical plays such as Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, and The Taming of the Shrew that continue to be preformed today
Miguel de Cervantes	One of the world's best known writers for his humorous novel about a simple old man titled, Don Quixote
Niccolo Machiavelli	Wrote a guidebook for rulers about government and political power titled, The Prince that urged rulers to give citizens only those rights that do not limit power
Galileo Galilei	Through building the telescope discovered the Earth and other planets revolve around the sun; a theory that the Roman Catholic Church forced him to deny
Isaac Newton	Created a system of advanced mathematics called calculus and built the foundation of modern astronomy by developing the law of gravity
Johannes Gutenberg	Was a German printer who invented the movable metal type and the printing press

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World History 9 Mid-Term Exam

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