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Describe the general principles for design. 1.) Allow enough space for ease of mobility (but not more) 2.) Arrange layout so that sequential tasks can be performed p with little or no travel in between 3.) Place built in controls (light switches, thermostats) where they can be reached easily or are convenient 4.) Limit the number of changes in floor level - Steps: handrails, nosing, chairlift - Ramps: 12 " for every 1 " of height 5.) Limit the number of interior doors - May be too heavy; especially difficult if WC or walker user - May need to reverse the swing of the door - Doors narrow the available opening by 2 " usually - Turning doorknobs is a problem for arthritic hands - Potential to get locked in or out - Peepholes should be at eye level of ALL inhabitants - Door width should be 32 " ideally - Thresholds ½ " to 1 " 6.) Plan for the sensory environment - Adequate lighting - No glare - Windows - Limit excess noise - May need to mark edges of steps Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Hearing 1.) Make auditory signals louder 2.) When this is not possible, replace auditory signals with other sensory signals (lights, device to shake bed) 3.) Decrease background noise (insulating materials around noisy appliances) Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Vision 1.) Enhance lighting "task lighting" (special illumination of selected spaces) 2.) Plug in night lights 3.) Light switches that glow in the dark, rheostats 4.) Blinds/shades that reduce glare, coatings on windows, low‐gloss finishes on floors, matte paint on walls 5.) Replacing visual cues with other sensory cues (tactile - floor surfaces, enhancing color perception/contrasting colors or patterns) Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Smell 1.) Replace smell with other sensory cues (alarms) 2.) Detectors of hazardous gases Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Touch/Dexteriry 1.) Heighten tactile sensation by making surfaces of walls and counters more distinctive 2.) Lower temperature on water heater 3.) Visual markers for temperature 4.) Pressure balanced valves (toilet flush with shower) 5.) Stove burner covers, guards for radiators 6.) Touchless faucets 7.) Controls and handles that do not require pinching or gripping (levered handles, C or D shape), light switches with rocker panel or pads Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Strength/ROM - Stool while cooking - Cut‐out space under a counter or sink - Grab bars in bathroom - Adjust tension needed to open/close screen doors - Remote controls for lamps, TV, etc - Easy gliding hardware for drawers - Handle changes - Trash compactor/garbage disposal - Work within zone accessible to all - from 27 to 48" above the floor with max depth of 20 " (no lower than 27 and no higher than 48) - Range controls on the front of stove - Self defrosting refrigerator - Side by side refrigerator, front loading washer/dryer - Shallow basin for sinks - Rolling carts for under the counter storage - Pull out shelves, lazy Susans Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Mobility - Automatic garage door opener - Motion sensing lights - Levered handles for doors, modification to thresholds, door size, etc - Ramps, stair changes, moving furniture - Walk in shower, bathseat, hand‐held shower head, non skid surfaces, grab bars, toilets 19" Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Balance - Remove throw rugs - Extended handrail from stairs - Enhance vision - Adjust height of furniture Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Cognition - Create safe barriers (fences around yard, alarms on doors, double key locks, reverse locks on bedroom door, monitors) - Limit access to dangerous items (knifes,etc) - Child‐proof plugs, stove covers, locks on refrigerator/freezer, medicine cabinet locks, and closets containing cleaning supplies - Enhance cognition: electric range elements that grow brighter as the temperature increases Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Bathroom - Non skid floor - Rotating faucet handles, motion sensing - Emergency alert devices - Toilet 18" from wall to be able to reach grab bar - Towel bars 36 - 48 " above floor - Walk in shower - Liquid soap Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Laundry - Raised washer and dryer/front loader - Front mounted controls Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Kitchen - Lighting - Stools - Height of countertops - Wall ovens - Slide out shelves - Sink with shallow basin Describe the sensory changes that occur with aging: Closets - 32 inch door opening - Lower hanging rods - Lights in closet - Change handles - Bifold doors - Shelves not less than 9 inches from floor and not more than 54 inches from floor