Chapter 15- Musculoskeletal System- Vocabulary
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Created by:
LemonMcLean on November 27, 2011
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The Language Of Medicine 9th edition
Davi-Ellen Chabner
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114 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bone | Dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. -Provides the framework for the body |
| Joints | place where the bones come together |
| Muscles | -attach to bones or internal organs and are responsible for movement. -they help maintain posture -generate heat- a bi-produce of cell matabolism |
| osseous tissue | bone tissue |
| Osteocytes | bone cells |
| collagen | dense connective tissue protein strands found in bones and other tissues |
| calcium | one of the mineral constituents of bone |
| calcium phosphate | is the major calcium salt in bones |
| Cartilaguious Tissue | resembles osseous tissue but is more flexible |
| ossification | -the gradual replacement of cartilage by mature bone cells -process of bone formation |
| osteoblasts | bone cell that help form bony tissue |
| osteoclasts | bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue (also called a phagocytes) |
| phosphorus | mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium |
| vitamin D | helps the calcium pass through the lining of the small intestine |
| 4 types of bones... | long bones... |
| short bones... | flat bones... |
| Sesamoid Bones | lower arm |
| Long Bone is found in the... | thigh... |
| lower leg... | upper arm... |
| Diaphysis | shaft or middle region of the long bone |
| epiphysis | each end of the long bone (have 2 "p" = 2 ends) |
| epiphyseal line / growth plate | cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place. |
| metaphysus | flared portion of the long bones |
| periosteum | strong, fibrous, vascular membrane sac that covers the surface of long bones |
| articular cartilage | -caps the ends of any bone that comes in contact with another bone. -s strong, slick, thick tissue |
| compact (cortical) bone | hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer portion bones |
| haversian canals | -within the compact bone -a system of small canals that contain blood vessels that bring oxygen and remove waste |
| medullary cavity | the compact bone is tunneled out in the middle by the medullary cavity |
| Yellow Bone Marrow | a fatty tissue that is found in the medullary cavity of the long bone |
| Cancelloue Bone | Spongy, porous bone found in the inner part of a bone |
| Trabeculae | -supporting bundles of bony fibers in canvellous (spongy) bone -found in the ends of long bones -middle portion of most other bones |
| Red Bone Marrow | -found in the cancellous bone -consists of immature and mature blood cells |
| Short Bones | -they are small with irregular shapes -wrist and ankles |
| Flat Bones | -found covering soft body parts -skull, shoulder blades, ribs |
| Sesamoid Bones | -small rounded bones(like a sesame seed shape) that are found near joints |
| Bone Process | -enlarged area that extends out from bones -acts as an attachment for muscles and tendons |
| Bone Head | rounded end of the bone usually covered in articular cartilage |
| Greater Trochanter | Large process on the femur; attachment to tendons |
| Lessor Trochanger | smaller process |
| Tubercle | rounded process on any bone for attachment of tendons and muscles |
| Tuberosity | -another small rounded process on a bone -attachment site for tendons and muscles |
| Condyle | rounded, knuckle-like process at the joint |
| Bone Neck | separates the bone head from the rest of the bone |
| depressions | -openings or hollows, serving as a passageway for blood vessels -helps join one bone to another |
| Fossa | shallow cavity in or on a bone |
| foramen | opening for blood vessels and nerves |
| fissure | narrow, deep, slit-like opening |
| sinus | hallow cavity within a bone |
| cranial bones | -bones of the skull -protect the brain |
| frontal bone | forms the head and the rood of the eye sockets |
| parietal bone | 2 bones, one on each side that form the roof and sides |
| temporal bone | 2 bones that form the lower sides and base of the skull |
| Mandible | lower jawbone |
| Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) | area that connects the temporal and mandible |
| Mastoid Process | a round process of the temporal bone behind the ear |
| styloid process | projects downward from the temporal bone |
| occipital bone | forms the back and base of the skill |
| foramen magnum | hole where the spinal cord passes through |
| sphenoid bone | bat shaped bone- behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull |
| ethmoid bone | thin, delicate bone that supports nasal cavity and forms the orbits of the eyes |
| facial bones | facial bones, except one, are joined together by sutures, so they can't move |
| suture | immovable joints between bones; such as the skull |
| nasal bones | 2 slendar bones that support the bridge of the nose |
| lacrimal bones | 2 small, thin bones on the corners of each eye |
| maxillary bones | 2 large bones the make up the upper jaw |
| Cleft palate | when the 2 bones of the maxillay do not come together before birth |
| mandibular bone | lower jawbone (mandible) |
| Alveoli | sockets in the upper jaw and lower jaw where the teeth are embedded |
| zygomatic bones | 2 bones on either side that form the high cheek bones |
| vomer | thin, single, flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum |
| sinuses | air cavities located in specific areas around the facial area that warm and moisten the air as it passes through |
| cervical | C1 - C7 Neck bones, 7 bones |
| thoracic | T1 - T12 12 bones the join with the 12 pairs of ribs |
| Lumber | L1 - L5 Strongest and largest bone of the spine 5 bones that do not join with the ribs |
| sacral | S1 - S5 Slightly curved, triangularly shaped bone 5 fused bones |
| coccyx | tailbone = 4 fused bones |
| Thorax | Cavity |
| Clavicle | Collar Bone Connects the sternum (breastbone) to each shoulder blade (scapula) |
| Scapula | Shoulder Blades One of 2 flat triangular bones, on each side of the back |
| Sternum | Breastbone Flat bone that extends down the midline of the chest |
| Ribs | 12 pairs |
| True Ribs | 1 - 7 join the sternum in the font by cartilaginous attachments |
| Costal cartilages | cartilaginous attachments- flexible rubbery connective tissues |
| False Ribs | 8 - 10 they join the vertebral column in the back but join the 7th rib in the front instead of joining to the sternum |
| Floating Ribs | They are completely free at the anterior ends |
| Humerus | Large upper arm bone |
| Ulna | midial lower arm bone (on the pinkie side) |
| Olecranon | boney process on the ulna is the elbow bone |
| Radius | later lower arm bone (same side as the thumb) |
| Carpals | wrist bones |
| metecarpals | 5 bones in the palm of the hand |
| Phalanges | Finger Bones -3 in each finger -2 in each thumb |
| Pelvic Girdles | Pelvis -Collection of bones that support the trunk of the body -3 pairs of fused bones |
| Ilium | Uppermost, largest portion of the pelvis |
| Ilium Crest | Very top part of the Ilium. -Filled with bone marrow and serves as an attachment point for abdominal wall muscles |
| Ischium | -Back (posterior) part of the pelvis -Gluts (butt muscles) attach here |
| Pubis | -Front (anterior) part of the pelvis |
| Pubis Symphysis | area on the front of the pubis were the 2 bones come together and are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disk |
| acetabulum | rounded, depressions or sockets in the pelvic that join the femur forming the hip |
| acromion | outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder |
| disk (disc) | flat, rounded plate like structure. |
| fontanelle | soft spot between the skull bones of an infant |
| malleolus | round process on both dies of the ankle joint |
| manubrium | upper portion of the sternum |
| sella turciaca | depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is. |
| vertebra | individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body |
| xipoid process | lower, narrow portion of the sternum |
| Femur | thigh bone longest bone in the body |
| Patella | Kneecap |
| Tibia | Shin bone -Lager of the 2 lower legs bones -Runs in front of the 2 bones |
| Fibula | smaller of the 2 lower leg bones -runs in the back |
| Metatarsal | Bones of the mid foot |
| Tarsals | Bones of the hind foot-heal |
| Phalanges | Toes -2 on each big toe -3 on each other toe |
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