Bio- Molecular genetics
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nucleotide | made up of sugar deoxyribose, phosphate group and nitrogenous base |
| base pairing | adenine and thymine/ guanine and cytosine |
| chromatin | DNA and protein tightly packed together |
| replication | DNA molecule spearates into 2 srtands then produces 2 new complementary strands |
| DNA polymerse | "proof reads" and repairs the strands as they are copied |
| messenger RNA | carries copies of instructions and serves as a "messenger" from DNA to rest of cell |
| ribosomal RNA | proteins assemble on ribosome |
| transfer RNA | transfers each amino acid to ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in mRNA |
| RNA polymerse | similar to DNA polymerse |
| intron | parts of DNA that do not have any genetic information |
| exon | parts of DNA that have genetic information |
| condon | 3 consecutive nucleotides that specify a single amino acid that is to be added to polypeptide |
| transcription | RNA molecules are produced by copying part of nucleotide sequence of DNA into a complementary sequence in RNA |
| translation | decoding of an mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (protein) |
| anticodon | complementary to one of the mRNA condons |
| mutation | wrong base attaches to the wrong letter |
| point mutation | affect one nucleotide and occur in a single point in DNA sequence |
| frameshift mutation | shift the "reading frame" of genetic message |
| karyotype | picture of pairs of chomosomes |
| sex chromosome | determine an individuals sex |
| autosome | body chromosomes |
| pedigree | shows relationships within a family |
| polygenic | controlled by many genes |
| histone | protein that the double helix is wrapped around to make up chromatin |
| sex- linked gene | genes located on chromosome determine the sexf someone |
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