| Term | Definition |
|---|
| consciousness | awareness of things inside you and outside you |
| construct | Something that we can't directly see or measure |
| altered state of consciousness | a state of awareness that is not regular, waking consciousness |
| circadian rhythms | Biological rhythms that change over a 24-hour period |
| EEG | Measures electrical activity in brain (brain waves) |
| frequency | how fast a brain wave is |
| amplitude | how large a brain wave is |
| Stage 1 sleep | the lightest stage of sleep |
| Stage 2 sleep | stage of sleep a little deeper than stage 1 |
| Stages 3 & 4 sleep | deep sleep; difficult to wake person; often disoriented if wake up; talking and walking in sleep happen here |
| NREM sleep | non-REM sleep; includes sleep stages 1-4 |
| rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep | sleep that features vivid, long-lasting dreams; similar to being awake; irregular breathing, heart rate; difficult to awaken from; body "paralyzed" |
| sleep debt | lost sleep must be "paid back" |
| reasons we sleep | REM sleep important for memory; restorative; fight infection; deal with stress |
| narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of REM sleep |
| sleep apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary breathing stoppages during sleep and repeated awakenings |
| sleepwalking | walking while in stage 3 or 4 of sleep (i.e., deep sleep) |
| night terror | a sleep disorder characterized by terror and physical arousal; unlike nightmares, night terrors are not usually remembered |
| insomnia | the inability to fall asleep or stay asleep |
| dream | state of consciousness that occurs during sleep |
| lucid dream | a dream in which the dreamer is aware that he/she is dreaming |
| manifest content | according to Sigmund Freud, the part of a dream that is remembered, the "story" of the dream |
| latent content | according to Sigmund Freud, the hidden meaning of a dream |
| dreamwork | the ways in which the mind hides the true meaning of a dream |
| condensation | combining different dream ideas and images into single image |
| displacement | disturbing image or idea is replaced by something related but less disturbing |
| purpose of a dream according to Freud | to fulfill unacceptable wishes |
| purpose of a dream according to Jung | make sense of day's activities; express unconscious urges; predict future |
| collective unconscious | the shared unconscious images and ideas passed down through human history from our ancestors |
| activation-synthesis theory | a biological theory of dreams that states that neurons in brain stem fire randomly, activate higher areas ; then higher areas try to make sense of what's going on |
| cognitive theory of dreams | dreams show same kind of thinking people do when awake, and is a type of "mental housekeeping" |
| preconscious | according to Freud, the part of the mind that is not currently in consciousness, but could be made conscious with a little effort; includes memories and stored knowledge |
| conscious | according to Freud, the part if the mind that contains what a person is currently aware of |
| unconscious | according to Freud, the part of the mind holding information that a person is not aware of; contains unacceptable wishes, immoral urges, shameful experiences, etc. |
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