UVM HSF 3 Digestion I and II
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61 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Digestive processes after digestion | Secretion Absorption Motility |
| layers of the gut tube | Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Propria Serosa |
| Visceral peritoneum is on | Liver Stomach Spleen |
| At T12 | Has Parietal Peritoneum Retroperitoneum Visceral Peritoneum Ligament |
| At L2-L3 | Parietal Peritoneum Retroperitoneum |
| 9 Liters fluid | Total input into lumen |
| 9 Liters fluid | removed from lumen into body |
| 5 Liters of | Blood |
| Upper Esophageal Sphincter | up near top of esophagus |
| Lower Esophageal Sphincter | at bottom of esophagus |
| Esophagus muscular transition | from muscularis muscle to striated smooth muscle |
| Gastro Esophageal Junction | from Stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium to Simple columnar epithelium in the esophagus |
| Two curves of stomach | Lesser curvature Greater curvature |
| Two omentums of the stomach | Lesser omentum Greater omentum |
| Anatomical divisions of the stomach | Cardiac region Fundus Corpus/ Body Pyloric Antrum |
| Inside stomach | Lower esophageal sphincter Rugae Pyloric sphincter |
| Histology of the stomach | ... |
| Cardiac Region of the stomach | Cardiac glands, shallow pits Types of cells: -Surface lining : mucus secreting cells -enteroendocrine cees -Stem cells |
| Layers in Gastric Fundus | Pit, Neck, Gland, Base |
| Stem cells in stomach are located | in the neck region layer of the gastric fundus |
| Fundic glands, chief cell | Columnar with basophilic cytoplasm -located mainly in the lower half of the gland -Produce pepsinogen and gastric lipase -prominent feature: apically located secretory: zymogen granules |
| Fundic glands, Parietal cells | Large round or pyramid shaped with eosinophilic cytoplasm -Located mainly in the upper half of the gland Produce HCl an gastric intrinsic factor -Prominent feature: apical plasmallema invaginates to form incracellular canaliculus |
| Gastric gland main parts | Lumen Chief Cell Parietal Cell Enteroendocrine cell |
| Pyloric/ Antral histology | primariliy mucous secretions Rich in enteroendocrine cells |
| Small intestines Surface Area | Without specializaitons 3-4 ft^2 With folds villi and micorvilli: 2400 ft^2 |
| Duodenum | twelve fingers C shaped configuration 4 sections Retroperitoneal Cockpit of the gut |
| Interior of Duodenum | Duodenal papilla Ampulla of Vater |
| Duodenal mucosa is rich in | enteroendocrine cells |
| Small intestines | Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Mesentery |
| Features of the Jejunum | Empty 8 feet long prominent plicae circulares Thicker wall Thin mesentery Fewer arcade arteries and vasa recta |
| Plicae circulares | unlike the rugae of the stomach, plicae circulares are fixed structures |
| Features of the Ileum | Rolled up, twisted 12 feet long Prominent Peyer's patches Thinner wall Fatty mesentery More arcade arteries and vasa recta |
| Small intestine mucosal villi and intestinal glands | are found in the form of crypts of lieberkuhn |
| Small intestine muscularis mucosa | is thin |
| Small intestine Epithelial cells | include enterocytes goblet cells enteroendocrine cells Paneth cells stem cells |
| Small intestine cells are replaced how often | every 6-7 days |
| Goblet cells | Found in many organs including the small and large intestines Secrete mucin, a highly viscous glycoprotein Mucus protects the gut lining against shear stress and chemical damage Particularly abundant in the large intestine |
| The Paneth Cell | Guardians of the Gut Cell Hatchery Found only in the small intestine Located at the base of crypts May serve an anti-bacterial role: secretory granules contain lysozyme cytoplasm contains IgA and IgG |
| Enteroendocrine cells | secrete into the lamina propria to send hormonal and paracrine signals |
| Large intestines parts | Cecum Vermiform appendix Ascending colon: retroperitoneal Tranverse colon Descending colon: retroperioneal Sigmoid colon Rectum |
| Additional parts of the large intestines | Hepatic flexure Splenix Flexure Teniae coli Haustra Epiploic appendages |
| The Rectum and Anal Canal | Transverse fold: valve of Houston Anal Column Anal Sinus Internal anal Sphincter External Anal Sphincter |
| Histo Features of the colon mucosa | No villi, but crypts are numerous Crypts similar to those of SI, except no paneth cells, and are called colonic glands number of goblet cells increases from the cecum to the sigmoid colon, but enterocytes are the most abundant cell type Cells replaced every 6-7 days |
| Enteroendocrine cells are also found in | the human large intestines |
| Ano Rectal Junction | From Simple columnar epithelium to Stratified squamous non- keratinized |
| Vermiform appendix | has many MALTs |
| Pancreas | Retroperioneal Endocrine and exocrine Ducts enter duodenum |
| Endocrin Pancreas secretes | insulin Glucagon somatostatin and gastrin |
| Exocrine Pancreas secretes | 1.5 L per day of bicarb rich fluid and proenzymes. |
| Centroacinar cells | secrete pancreatic proenzymes |
| Intercalated ducts | secrete Na+ and bicarb and H20 |
| Zymogen granules can be seen in | Pancreatic acini |
| Liver | over 200 functions 3 categories -Bile production -Metabolic regulation -Hematological regulation |
| Liver bypass embryologically | ductus venosus |
| Liver parts | R lobe L lobe Falciform ligament Round ligament |
| Liver parts inferior view | L lobe R lobe IVC Quadrate lobe Caudate lobe Gallbladder |
| Liver Segments | numbered and is similar to lung segments |
| Structural organization of liver | Classic lobule is hexagonal with central vein with portal triads around the outside corners |
| Both portal vein and hepatic artery Flow from | Portal triad to central vein via sinusoid lined with endothelial cells |
| Bile flows to the | Bile duct in the portal triad |
| Extrahepatic biliary tract | gall bladder contains bile for FA micelle formation. |
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