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Respiratory System A Body System that rids the body of waste in the form of gas (CO2) Function of the Respiratory System to supply the trillion body cells with oxygen for energy (O2) ** This system needs blood to function (transporter)** Respiration (breath) one complete breath 1 inhalation 1 exhalation * aka inspiration/ expiration Nose (Naso , Rhino) The only external organ of the system, made of short bone, irregular bone, and cartilage, has bilateral nostrials, has a very rich supply of blood. Function of the Nose filters air, moistens air, warms air, sense if smell, produces muscles, catches imparities The Throat Pharyx, divides into 3 sections A) nasopharynx - located behind the nose B) oropharynx - located behind the mouth C) laryngopharynx - located in the voice box Function of the Throat provides a passageway for both food and air Epigiottis small muscular flap that covers both the trachea and esaphagus works digestive system Function of the Epigiottis covers the esaphagus and open to the trachea to allow for air to pass. Triggers a coughing reflex to move imparities The Trachea (windpipe) located anterior in the Thoraic Cavity, extends from the mid portion of the chest, lined with cilia Cilia tiny hair like structures * considered the major organ of this system Function of the Cilia to keep foreign matter out of the lungs, provided a channel for O2 by dividing into left and right, contains "c" shaped rings to keep passageways opened (vacum hose) Branchi= plural(2) Branchus= singular(1) attaches to the ends of the trachea L+R, the right bronchus is larger than the left Function of Branchi, Branchus warms and protects and filters air, provides a direct route into the lungs Bronchicles smaller branches attached to the branchi found inside each lung, allows for further purification and geration Alveoli small air sacs located at the ends of the bronchi, this is where osmosis takes place * Alveoli are covered in a sticky mucus called surfactant, the surfactant is the last filration of O2. Lungs Pulmon/o, largest organ of this system. Divides left and right, called lobes, a healthy lung can fill with oxygen at a 98.999% capacity, this is called aeration, lungs are spongy tissue Function of the Lungs to provide the place for gas exchange to take place, the lungs are lined with pleura, pleura clears and keeps the outside of the lungs moist. Diaphragm a strong dome-shaped muscle that stimulates breathing, involutary, phrenic nerve, the transportation of oxygen, external and internal respiration. External=through the nasal passage(aveoli), Internal=attaches to iron in our blood(oxyhemoalobin). connects to the cardiovasculary system. The exchange of O2 and CO2 take place in the tissue of the body. Coughing an act to clear respiratory passage ways sneezing an expelled directly through nasal passage crying/laughing an emtionally triggered inspiration followed by a series of small breaths (works with sympathetic and para-sympathetic nerves) Hiccups spasms of the diaphragm Hair catches particales before entering the system (Tricho/Cilio) Acidosis occurs when there is too much O2 or CO2 in the system- can seriously damage organs Bronchitis inflammation of the branchi etiology- obstruction Asthma narrowing of the airways, affects exhaling, etiology allergy Pneumonia acute infectioni thats affects alveoli, the membranes then become inflamed and fluid is produced C.O.P.D. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, blanket term for URI's Emphasemia Alveoli becomes engorged with surfactant and impurities resulting in the sac drying out or bursting (irreversible damages) Lung Cancer this type of cancer metastasizes (grows) very quickly Yawning a very deep inspiration taken with jaw wide open to get large amounts of oxygen into the system * triggered by lack of oxygen in the brain