| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Tien Shen | The North-West region of China |
| Gobi Desert | a desert in central Asia |
| Ben Zhao | chinese scholar; she wrote lessons for women "7 feminine virtues"; women were inferior; they couldn't laugh, must be humble, work all day, serve others first, take insults |
| Bronze Age | everything was made out of bronze during this time period |
| Ch'In Dynasty | (221 - 206 BC) a legalist dynasty created by Qin Shi; all the city states were combined; the Great Wall was built during this dynasty, but not completed |
| Civil Service Exam | a 3 day test to work for the government; people train for years because it was very hard |
| Confucius | (551 - 449 BC) a Chinese philosopher of the Zhou Dynasty born into gentry class; devoted his life to teaching; developed a code of behavior based on old traditions, good behavior, and truth. |
| Dynastic cycle | new dynasty is given mandante --> they improve the ecomomy, lower taxes, build roads, increase food supply, help the military, etc --> Aging dynasty begins to slack off (raise taxes, etc.), --> gods sends sign (natural disasters), --> people rebel and new dynasty begins |
| Empress Lu | rules in 195 BC; one of Liu Bang's concubines, she killed her son and kept the throne by naming infants as emperor when they were to young to rule (so she ruled for them); when she dies her whole family gets killed |
| Feudalism | (develops when a lot of fighting is going on); system of government where a lord is granted land in exchange for military portection and sevices |
| Filial Piety | mutual respect (in relationships); ruler to ruler; father to son; husband to wife; *elder to younger*; friend to friend (respect must be shown on both sides) |
| Forbidden City | only the emperor and his family got to live here (huge palaces, government offices, 8000 rooms, parks, ponds, etc) |
| Gentry | nobles |
| Golden Age | what the time period Tang Dynasty was considered because of the huge exports of porcelin, mechanical clock, and block printing |
| Grand Canal | took 9 million people to build it; connects the Yangtze and Wang He river |
| Great Wall | Qin Shi built it; not completed during his rule (1500 miles) watch towers every 30ft; also known as the longest cemetery in the world |
| Han Dynasty | (202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Han rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity |
| Hanfezi | started legalism; he though that man was naturally evil |
| Heartland | most people live here (east); similar to our climate (4 seasons) good for crops and trading |
| Himalaya Mountains | mountain range that divides china from india |
| Hsia Dynasty | first legendary dynasty; historians not sure if it even existed |
| Huang He River | "river of sorrows" floods at least once a year (floods are deadly); located in the north east |
| Doctrine of Human Nature | *knowledge is power; discusses how man is good and he can correct his mistakes and anyone can aquire knowledge with effort |
| Doctrine of Human Relationships | 5 basic relationships in life and all people have them sometime in their life time; both sides compliment the other |
| Doctrine of Moderation | to do things in moderation; too much is bad as not enough (the golden rule) |
| Doctrine of Rectification | role play to acheive harmony; know how youre supposed to act around certain people (ex. mother, teacher, employer, friend, wife) |
| Kublai Khan | started the Yuan Dynasty; was a mongol; promotes trade because interested in foreiners; extends grand canal; builds highways; built postal service; allows confucionism; allows chinese to participate in government (but not in high postions - those were for mongols); doesn't let chinese in military (scared they will rebel); keeps the mongols seperated from the chinese; loses when trying to defeat japan |
| Lao Tsu | started Taoism; believed less government was good |
| Legalism | philosphy started by Hanfezi; believed that man was bad so they need very strict government and bad punisments; had many rules |
| Li Bo | a great poet of the Tang Dynasty; Wu Zhao takes critism from him |
| Loess | yellow, brown soil/silt |
| Loyang | new capital of the Sui Dynasty; built by Yang Di |
| Lui Bang | originally a peasant; rose to greatness (started the Han Dynasty) eases taxes and legalist policy, centralizes government, revises confucionism; people liked him |
| Manchuria | north east; rich in natural resources (coal, etc); many wars faught there |
| Mandante of Heaven | the right to rule (from the gods) |
| Marco Polo | an Italian explorer who lived during the Yuan Dynasty; worked for china for 17 years then went to jail and told stories about china |
| Ming Dynasty | (1368 - 1644 BC) during this dynasty, china was back on the path of freatness; they mastered the blue-white china plates; in 1433, they isolate themselves for 200 years after the expidtions, which ends up hurting them (they don't advance in technology) |
| Ming Hong Wu | starts the ming dynasty; he was the son of a peasant; he reforms agriculture, increases rice production, irrigation, cash crops (cotton and sugar), confucionism, reintroduces the civil service exam; then he turns crazy and kills a lot of people who he thinks is going against the government |
| Mongolia | where the mongols are from; can be cold; some deserts are found there |
| Monopoly | a market in which there is no competition; one company controls the market |
| Oracle Bones | these are used to communicate with ancestors; they are similar to tortoise shells |
| Period of Disunity | (220 - 589 AD) barbarians take over - a lot of fighting; buddhism spreads; rice replaces wheat (easy to grow); china becomes vegetable and rice people |
| Qi | a substance that flows in the body; if too much builds up, causes sickness; acupuncture helps release it if too much builds up in one area of the body |
| Qin Shi Huang Di | he conquers all of the warring kindoms and declares himself the first emperor (221 - 206 BC); he was mean and a legalist (ruled with an iron fist) he standarizes measures and currency which makes it a lot easier to trade; makes everyone speak the same language and writing; transportaion system; abolishes feudalism; burned all confucious' books; sent his son to build the great wall; standardizes law; had 60 palaces connected underground |
| Seismograph | an instrument used to measure earthquakes |
| Shang Di | chief god |
| Shang Dynasty | (1650 BC - 1027 BC) one of the first civilizations; occured during the bronze age |
| Silk Road | a very unsafe 4,000 mile trade route from east china to europe; had deserts, mountains, and bandits; one trip could make you very rich; many did not return |
| Social Structure | king -> nobles -> merchants and artisans -> peasants |
| Song Dynasty | (960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings |
| Sui Dynasty | (589 - 618 AD) emperor Wen Di unites south and north china; divides public land for all families |
| Tai Zu | he started the Song Dynasty |
| Tang Dynasty | dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618 - 907 AD; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria |
| Tang Taizong | (627 - 647) personal name was Li Shimin; great general, war hero; expands China's borders; encourages trade; allows buddhism to spread; let christians and muslims practice; let people who passed the civil exam work for government |
| Taoism | "the way" started by Lao Tsu; believed man was good and should live amungst nature; less government was good |
| Terra Cota Army | clay soliders; chinese believed in afterlife so Qin Shi had these placed in his tomb to protect him in the afterlife |
| Tibet | plateau; not always part of China; Dalai Lama used to live there and then escaped to India |
| Doctrine of Religion | confucious doesn't believe in religion; don't worry about the future - know your self first (no religion) |
| Wang Mang | ruled for a child emporer then takes over (9 AD - 23 AD) sets up graineries for the poor, new money, because of land reforms people didn't like him; 11AD = bad flood (he was blamed); he was assasinated |
| Wen Di | started the Sui Dynasty; divides all public land for all families; dies in 604 |
| Wu Zhao | the only woman to ever declare herself empress, she was a member of the Tang Dynasty; takes over when Li Shimin dies; she used trickery to get power, cuts taxes, raises salaries of government officials, encourages trade and buddhism, takes korea as a tributary state, reforms the civil service exams, builds more school for more job opprotunities, takes critism from Li Bo and improves |
| Wudi | Lui Bang's great grandson (141 - 87); expands china; brings confucionsim back, had civil service exams, taxed trade products |
| Xi River | most southern river; really good delta (grows tons of rice) |
| Xien Shen | north west region; the people mostly look russian/slavic; some oil found there |
| Yang | strong, good (male side of Yin Yang); black dot represents a little female |
| Yang Di | 2nd emperor of the Sui Dynasty; builds the new capital Loyang; also builds the Grand Canal which connects Yangtze and Wang He rivers; he was assasinated in 618 |
| Yangtze River | 3rd longest river in the world (3915 miles long) |
| Yin | bad, evil (female side of Yin Yang); white dot represents a little male |
| Yin Yang | represents the forces of nature (yin and yang balance each other) |
| Yonglo | next great emperor, spreads chinese culture, sent out expensive expiditions to africa, india, southeast asia to show off their inventions; he stops the expidtions because they were very costly, he then isolates china from the rest of the world |
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