Chp 13: The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity
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76 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 The meningeal branch of a spinal nerve actually reenters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels. | TRUE |
| In the somatosensory system there are no third-order neurons in the cerebellum. | TRUE |
| There are 41 pairs of spinal nerves. | FALSE |
| The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers. | FALSE |
| The musculocutaneous nerve is a major nerve of the brachial plexus. | TRUE |
| The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers. | TRUE |
| The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves. | TRUE |
| The dorsal ramus consists only of motor fibers bringing information to the spinal cord. | FALSE |
| Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves. | TRUE |
| Spinal roots and rami are similar in that they both contain sensory and motor fibers. | TRUE |
| Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups. | TRUE |
| The obturator nerve branches from the sacral plexus. | FALSE |
| Reciprocal inhibition means that while one sensory nerve is stimulated, another sensory neuron in the same area is inhibited and cannot respond. | FALSE |
| External strabismus and ptosis could be caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve. | TRUE |
| In order to regulate motor activity, to start and stop movements, and to coordinate postural movements, the cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved. | TRUE |
| The ʺknee jerkʺ reflex is an example of a(n) ________. A) extensor thrust reflex B) stress reflex C) cross extensor reflex D) stretch reflex | D) stretch reflex |
| The ________ nerve is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve. A) ophthalmic B) maxillary C) cervical D) mandibular | C) cervical |
| Which of the following nerves does not arise from the brachial plexus? A) median B) phrenic C) radial D) ulnar | B) phrenic |
| Which of the following is at the lowest level of the CNS? A) direct system B) indirect system C) projection level D) CPG | D) CPG |
| The three primary levels of neural integration in a sensory system include all of the following except the ________. A) receptor level B) circuit level C) perceptual level D) effector level | D) effector level |
| The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve. A) obturator B) common fibular C) tibial D) femoral | C) tibial |
| Starting at the spinal cord, the subdivisions of the brachial plexus are, in order ________. A) rami, trunks, divisions, and cords B) rami, divisions, cords, and trunks C) divisions, rami, trunks, and cords D) trunks, divisions, cords, and rami | A) rami, trunks, divisions, and cords |
| The cranial nerve with a dual origin (brain and spinal cord) is the ________. A) hypoglossal B) accessory C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal | B) accessory |
| Which of the following is not a nerve plexus? A) brachial B) cervical C) lumbar D) thoracic | D) thoracic |
| A major nerve of the lumbar plexus is the ________. A) femoral B) iliohypogastric C) sciatic D) ilioinguinal | A) femoral |
| Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________. A) lumbar plexus B) femoral plexus C) sacral plexus D) thoracic plexus | C) sacral plexus |
| The abducens nerve ________. A) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye B) relays sensory information from taste buds on the tongue C) exits from the medulla D) if paralyzed, exhibits Bellʹs palsy | A) supplies innervation to the lateral rectus muscle of the eye |
| Basic reflexes ________. A) are rapid, predictable, learned responses B) may be modified by learned behavior C) are autonomic only D) are always mediated by the brain | B) may be modified by learned behavior |
| Which of the following is not true about the integration center of a reflex arc? A) The center may be a single synapse between a motor and a sensory neuron. B) There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons. C) It is always located in the CNS. D) The center is a simple reflex arc. | B) There are always multiple synapses with chains of interneurons. |
| Striking the ʺfunny boneʺ is actually stimulation of the ________. A) radial nerve B) sciatic nerve C) ulnar nerve D) median nerve | C) ulnar nerve |
| Which of the following numbers of pairs of spinal nerves is correct? A) six cervical B) twelve thoracic C) six lumbar D) eight sacral | B) twelve thoracic |
| Select the statement about plexuses that is most correct ________. A) The dorsal rami of all spinal nerves unite to form complex networks B) Only ventral rami form plexuses C) Each branch of the plexus contains fibers from a single spinal nerve D) The ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves unite to form the thoracic plexus | B) Only ventral rami form plexuses |
| A reflex that causes muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to muscle contraction is called a ________. A) Golgi tendon reflex B) flexor reflex C) crossed extensor reflex D) plantar reflex | A) Golgi tendon reflex |
| Pressure, pain, and temperature receptors are ________. A) interoceptors B) exteroceptors C) proprioceptors D) chemoreceptors | B) exteroceptors |
| Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________. A) interoceptors B) photoreceptors C) nociceptors D) proprioceptors | C) nociceptors |
| Meissnerʹs corpuscles ________. A) are found primarily in connective tissue B) are anatomically unencapsulated C) are interoceptors D) are mechanoreceptors | D) are mechanoreceptors |
| Which receptors adapt most slowly? A) smell receptors B) pressure receptors C) nociceptors D) touch receptors | C) nociceptors |
| The abducens nerve conveys proprioceptor impulses from the ________ to the brain. A) medial rectus muscle B) lateral rectus muscle C) superior rectus muscle D) inferior rectus muscle | B) lateral rectus muscle |
| Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________. A) afferent nerves B) efferent nerves C) motor nerves D) mixed nerves | A) afferent nerves |
| After axonal injury, regeneration in peripheral nerves is guided by ________. A) Wallerian cells B) Schwann cells C) dendrites D) Golgi organs | B) Schwann cells |
| Regeneration within the CNS ________. A) is more successful than with the PNS B) typically allows axonal sprouting of 20 mm C) is complicated by secondary demyelination D) is promoted by growth inhibitors and glial scars | C) is complicated by secondary demyelination |
| In a crossed extensor reflex, if the right arm were grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________. A) also flex B) extend C) abduct D) adduct | B) extend |
| Select the correct definition. A) Magnitude estimation is the simplest level of sensation. B) Perceptual detection is the ability to detect how much stimulus is applied to the body. C) Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face. D) Spatial discrimination allows us to recognize textures. | C) Pattern recognition allows us to see a familiar face. |
| All processing at the circuit level going up to the perceptual level must synapse in the ________. A) pons B) thalamus C) reticular formation D) medulla | B) thalamus |
| The sciatic nerve is a combination of which two nerves? A) pudendal and posterior femoral cutaneous B) posterior femoral cutaneous and tibial C) pudendal and common fibular D) common fibular and tibial | D) common fibular and tibial |
| The largest and longest nerve of the body is found in the ________. A) cervical plexus B) brachial plexus C) lumbar plexus D) sacral plexus | D) sacral plexus |
| Irritation of a major nerve of this plexus may cause hiccups. A) cervical plexus B) lumbar plexus C) sacral plexus D) thoracic plexus | A) cervical plexus |
| Bellʹs palsy ________. A) is characterized by partial paralysis of diaphragm muscles B) is characterized by loss of vision C) is often caused by inflammation of the trigeminal nerve D) is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles | D) is characterized by paralysis of facial muscles |
| Babinskiʹs sign is ________. A) normal in an infant less than 4 years old B) a reflex whose physiological mechanism is well understood C) when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally D) caused by incomplete development of the thalamus in the infant | C) when the great toe dorsiflexes and the other toes fan laterally |
| A simple spinal reflex goes along which of the following reflex arcs? A) effector, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, receptor B) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector C) effector, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, receptor D) receptor, efferent neuron, integration center, afferent neuron, effector | B) receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector |
| Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following? A) oculomotor B) vestibulocochlear C) trigeminal D) facial | B) vestibulocochlear |
| Transduction refers to conversion of ________. A) presynaptic nerve impulses to postsynaptic nerve impulses B) stimulus information to nerve impulses C) receptor energy to stimulus energy D) afferent impulses to efferent impulses | B) stimulus information to nerve impulses |
| ________ always takes a nonspecific ascending pathway. A) Touch B) Pain C) Temperature D) Arousal | A) Touch |
| The flexor muscles in the anterior arm (biceps brachii and brachialis) are innervated by what nerve? A) radial B) median C) ulnar D) musculocutaneous | D) musculocutaneous |
| The cranial nerves that have neural connections with the tongue include all except the ________. A) trigeminal B) facial C) glossopharyngeal D) trochlear | D) trochlear |
| Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve? A) abducens B) vestibulocochlear C) trigeminal D) accessory | B) vestibulocochlear |
| A fracture of the ethmoid bone would result in damage to which cranial nerve? A) glossopharyngeal B) vagus C) olfactory D) accessory | C) olfactory |
| Select the statement that is most correct. A) Ganglia are collections of neuron cell bodies in the CNS that are associated with efferent fibers. B) Afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. C) The dorsal root ganglion is a motor-only structure. D) The cell bodies of afferent ganglia are located in the spinal cord. | B) Afferent nerve fibers contain cell bodies of sensory neurons. |
| An improperly delivered gluteal injection could result in ________. A) neurofibromatosis B) postpoliomyelitis muscular atrophy C) paresthesia D) sciatica | D) sciatica |
| Which nerve does not use the jugular foramen as a route of exit from the skull? A) trigeminal B) accessory C) vagus D) glossopharyngeal | A) trigeminal |
| The peripheral nervous system includes ________. A) sensory receptors B) basal nuclei C) the spinal cord D) the corpus callosum | A) sensory receptors |
| Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________. A) Meissnerʹs corpuscles B) Merkel discs C) Pacinian corpuscles D) root hair plexuses | C) Pacinian corpuscles |
| A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged? A) facial B) glossopharyngeal C) hypoglossal D) accessory | A) facial |
| The circuit level of the somatosensory system involves CNS centers in all of the following except the ________. A) spinal cord B) thalamus C) brain stem D) cerebral cortex | D) cerebral cortex |
| The projection level of the brain does not include the ________. A) basal nuclei B) brain stem nuclei C) reticular formation D) cerebellum | A) basal nuclei |
| If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies? A) complete loss of sensation B) a complete loss of voluntary movement C) loss of neither sensation nor movement but only of autonomic control D) a complete loss of sensation and movement | B) a complete loss of voluntary movement |
| ________ law states that any nerve serving a muscle that produces movement at a joint also innervates the joint itself and the skin over the joint. | Hiltonʹs |
| ________ are modified free-nerve endings found in the stratum germinativum. | Merkel discs |
| The perineurium defines the boundary of a ________. | fascicle |
| The ________ nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves. | trigeminal |
| Ventral spinal cord roots contain ________ fibers, while the dorsal roots contain ________ fibers. | motor (efferent); sensory (afferent) |
| The facial nerve is cranial nerve number ________. | VII |
| ________ is a protective reflex that overrides the spinal pathways and prevents any other reflexes from using them at the same time. | Flexor (polysynaptic) reflex |
| ________ is the tingling sensation or numbness when blood has been cut off from an area, as when the foot ʺgoes to sleep.ʺ | Ischemia |
| Pain perception is involved in the ________ ascending pathways of the somatosensory system. | nonspecific |
| Complex motor behavior such as walking depends on ________ patterns. | fixed-action |
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