Nutrition & Metabolism
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Malnutrition | deficiency or imbalance in consumption of food, vitamins, and minerals. |
| Metabolism | use of foods by body after they have been digested, absorbed, and circulated to the cells. |
| Assimilation | chemical changes food undergoes in the cells |
| Catabolism | all chemical reactions that release energy from food molecules |
| Anabolism | the many chemical reactions that build food molecules into more complex chemical compounds |
| Albumin | protein made by liver - maintains normal blood glucose |
| Prothrombin & Fibrinogen | important in clotting - made by liver |
| Glycolysis | changes glucose to pyruvic acid |
| Anaerobic | uses no oxygen |
| ATP | molecule the body uses for energy - adenosine triphosphate |
| Glycogenesis | glucose anabolism |
| Insulin | makes glucose leave the blood and enter the cells |
| Hyperglycemia | too much glucose in the blood |
| Hydrocortisone | secreted by adrenal cortex - increases blood glucose levels |
| Epinephrine | increases blood glucose levels - secreted by adrenal medulla |
| Glucagon | secreted by pancreatic islets - increases blood glucose |
| Vitamins | organic molecules needed in small amounts for normal metabolism |
| Minerals | inorganic elements or salts found naturally in the earth |
| BMR | rate of food catabolism at rest but awake, not digesting food or adjusting to cold |
| TMR | total amount of energy used by body each day |
| Thermoregulation | maintaining constant body temperature |
| Radiation | flow of heat waves away from body |
| Conduction | transfer of heat to skin and then to external environment |
| Convection | transfer of heat energy to air flowing away from skin |
| Evaporation | absorption of heat by water (sweat) |
| Shivering | muscle activity that adjusts body temperature |
| Aerobic | uses oxygen |
| Glycolysis, citric acid cycle of kreb's cycle, and electron transfer system | Three parts of carbohydrate metabolism |
| C | changes pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide (G, C, or E) |
| G | changes glucose to pyruvic acid (G, C, or E) |
| G | uses no oxygen so is anaerobic (G, C, or E) |
| C | occurs in the mitochondrion (G, C, or E) |
| E | transfers electrons from citric acid cycle to ATP molecules then available to provide energy to do the work of the cell (G, C, or E) |
| E | cellular process in mitochondria that transfers energy from electrons in glycolysis to citric acid cycle (G, C, or E) |
| C | uses oxygen so is aerobic (G, C, or E) |
| C | any remaining glucose is stored as glycogen (G, C, or E) |
| C | forms ATP for energy and heat for body temperature (G, C, or E) |
| G | occurs in cytoplasm of the cell (G, C, or E) |
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