Pathophysiology- Neurologic Alterations Part 2
About this set
Created by:
sparklenshine1210 on November 28, 2011
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Multiple sclerosis | autoimmune destruction of myelin sheaths |
| What are some causes of multiple sclerosis? | some familial tendencies viral disease (antibodies destroy myelin along nerve and impulse aren't getting transferred down the nerve like it should be) |
| What are the different types of multiple sclerosis? | relapsing-remitting primary progressive secondary progressive progressive-relapsing |
| relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis | exacerbations followed by partial or complete recovery/ remissions (most common) |
| primary progressive multiple sclerosis | slow but continuous neurologic decline possible temporary plateaus |
| secondary progressive multiple sclerosis | starts as relapsing-remitting, then develops into steady neurologic decline |
| progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis | progressive with exacerbations (most severe) |
| What are the clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis? | diplopia (double vision) random muscle weakness fatigue tingling of nerves depression changes in mood dysphagia dysarthria ataxia diarrhea or constipation hypoesthesias nystagmus optic neuritis unstable mood spasms incontinence frequency or retention paraesthesias |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (Lou Gerhig's Disease) | progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons |
| What is the pathophysiology of ALS? | lower and upper motor degeneration and death--> demyelination and axonal scarring--> progressive muscle weakness |
| What are the clinical manifestations of ALS? | muscle twitching, cramping, stiffness progressive muscle weakness and atrophy flaccid (no tone) and spastic (stay contracted all the time) paralysis respiratory failure (Don't lose cognitive function) |
| What are some risk factors for ALS? | smoking (possibly) lead and chemical exposure glutamate exposure tends to affect young adult to 40's live only 3-5 yrs after diagnosis |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | Demyelinating disease of lower motor neurons (peripheral nervous system) |
| What are some triggers for Guillain-Barre Syndrome? | infection injections (linked to flu vaccine) surgery |
| What is the pathophysiology of Guillain-Barre Syndrome? | autoimmune destruction of myelin--> inflammation and aggregation of WBC--> segmental demyelination--> impaired nerve conduction |
| What are the clinical manifestations of Guillain-Barre Syndrome? | progressive ascending weakness (starts in feet and works its way up) paresthesia (numbness and tingling) neuropathic pain |
| Myasthenia Gravis | chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction (point where the nerve is supposed to send message to muscle to contract) thymic tumors or dysfunction (increased risk of developing if already have an autoimmune disease) |
| What is the pathophysiology of Myasthenia Gravis? | autoantibodies (IgG) attack and bind to acetylcholine receptors acetylcholine receptors are destroyed acetylcholine is unable to bind decreased transmission of nerve impulses across the neuromuscular junction muscle unable to depolarize |
| What are the clinical manifestations of Myasthenia Gravis? | muscle fatigue (tire easily) progressive weakness affects eye, face, throat, mouth, neck first diplopia (double vision) ptosis (drooping of eyes) occular palsies (twitching of eyes) diaphragm and respiratory muscle weakness facial drooping, expressionless, difficulty chewing and swallowing |
| Myasthenic crisis | (where lack of acetylcholine is so severe) severe muscle weakness quadriplegia respiratory insufficiency |
| Cholinergic crisis | result of acetylcholine toxicity severe muscle weakness quadriplegia respiratory insufficiency diarrhea abdominal cramping fasciculation bradycardia pupillary constriction increased salivation sweating |
| What are the diagnostic tests used for myasthenia gravis? | EMG Antibody tests Endrophonium chloride (Tensilon) test Possible CT/ MRI to rule out thymoma |
| What are the types of degenerative joint diseases (DJD)? | degenerative disk disease (DDD) spondyloisthesis (one disk slips out of line) spinal stenosis (arthritis and inflammation causes spinal space to narrow) |
| What causes low back pain? | sprains, strains, tension, disc herniation, osteoporosis, hyperparathyroidism |
| What are the risks of low back pain? | occupation obesity smoking osteoporosis |
| What are risks of a herniated disc? | trauma DDD incorrect lifting |
| What is the pathophysiology of a herniated disc? | tear in ligament and posterior capsule of the disk nucleus pulposus leaks and increases pressure on nerve root risk for spinal cord compression |
| What are the clinical manifestations of a herniated disc? | back pain radiating pain (usually down a leg) pain worse with movement, straight leg raise decreased ROM spinal tenderness decreased sensation diminished reflexes |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.