AP Biology: Chapter 15
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chromosome theory of inheritance | genes have specific loci along chromosomes, and these chromosomes undergo segregation and independent assortment |
| wild type | the phenotype for a character most commonly observed in populations |
| sex-linked gene | a gene located on either sex chromosome |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | a sex-linked disorder characterized by a progressive weakening of the muscles and loss of coordination |
| hemophilia | a sex-linked recessive disorder defined by the absence of one or more of the proteins required for blood clotting |
| Barr body | the inactive X in each cell of a female condenses into a compact object, lies along the inside of the nuclear envelope |
| linked genes | genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses |
| genetic recombination | the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent |
| parental types | offspring which inherit a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes |
| recombinant types | offspring which with a phenotype different from each parent |
| crossing over | the reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis |
| genetic map | an ordered list of the genetic loci along a particular chromosome |
| linkage map | a genetic map based on recombination frequencies |
| map units | one is equal to a 1% recombination frequency |
| cytogenetic maps | locate genes with respect to chromosomal features |
| nondisjunction | the members of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis I or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II |
| aneuploidy | chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number |
| monosomic | a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of two |
| trisomic | a diploid cell with three copies of a particular chromosome instead of two |
| polyploidy | the chromosomal alteration in which the organism has more than two complete chromosome sets in all somatic cells |
| deletion | occurs when a chromosomal fragment is lost |
| duplication | occurs when the deleted fragment becomes attached as an extra segment to a sister chromatid |
| inversion | occurs when a chromosomal fragment reattaches to the original chromosome but in the reverse orientation |
| translocation | occurs when the fragment joins a non-homologous chromosome, rearranging along the chromosome |
| Down syndrome | an aneuploid condition resulting from an extra chromosome 21, so that each body cell has a total of 47 chromosomes |
| genomic imprinting | variation in phenotype depending on whether an allele is inherited from the male or female parent |
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