Jackson Era: Antebellum and Expansion
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78 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Election of 1828 | First election with the democratic party, Andrew Jackson runs against J.Q. Adams in a ugly election full of "mudslinging" |
| Democrat Party | Jacksonian era- Democrats were followers of General Andrew Jackson. changed from Democratic party to democratic-republican party |
| Masons | the freemasons, an international secret society which Jackson was a member of |
| Old Man Eloquent | nickname for J. Q. Adams , common man |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th President of the US, war hero, very tough, founded democratic party, very skinny |
| Old Hickory, Long Knife, King Mob, King Andrew, King Veto | nicknames for Jackson |
| Spoils System | the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power, Jackson puts many friends in office |
| Nepotism | placing family members in office |
| Eaton Affair | John Eaton, Secretary of War, was rumored to have had an affair with Peggy Timberlake, whom he later married, before her husband died in 1828. She was snubbed by the wives of Jackson's cabinet (led by Calhoun's wife). The President wanted to help her because his wife had been the object of similar rumors. This turned Jackson against Calhoun, drew Van Buren and Jackson closer together and dissolved the Cabinet. Calhoun resigned the vice presidency the next year and entered the Senate for South Carolina. |
| 1828-1850's | years of the antebellum and expansion |
| Silver Tongued Devil | Daniel Webster's nickname |
| Webster - Hayne Debate | Hayne first responded to Daniel Webster's argument of states' rights versus national power, with the idea of nullification. Webster then spent 2 full afternoons delivering his response which he concluded by saying that "Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable" |
| The Indian Removal Acts | forced Indian tribes Westward beyond the Miss. River to INdian territory starting in 1830 |
| Chief blackhawk | leader and warrior of the Sauk American Indian tribe in what is now the United States. Although he had inherited an important historic medicine bundle, he was not one of the Sauk's hereditary civil chiefs. His status came from leading war parties as a young man, and from his leadership of a band of Sauks during the Black Hawk War of 1832. During the War of 1812, Black Hawk fought on the side of the British. Later he led a band of Sauk and Fox warriors, known as the British Band, against European-American settlers in Illinois and present-day Wisconsin in the 1832 Black Hawk War. |
| Seminole Wars | Seminoles under Osceola and escaped black slaves refused to move out of Florida and staged guerrilla War against the United States |
| Tariff of 1828 | tariff of abominations and causes enormous resentment in the South |
| Nullification Crisis | Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void. |
| Nullification and Tariff of 1833 | Henry Clay's 2nd great compromiser |
| The Bank War | Jackson was determined to destroy the Bank of the United States because he thought it was too powerful. He felt the Bank was unconstitutional and only benefited the rich. |
| Roger r. Taney | Jackson's sec of treasury |
| NIcholas Biddle | President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it. |
| Election of 1832 | 1st election with a 3rd party- Anti Mason Party. |
| Henry Clay | forms whig party |
| Whig Party | essentially replaces Republican party, and is predominately an Anti-Jackson party, Led by Henry Clay, John C, Calhoun, and Daniel Webster, |
| Platform of the Whig Party | "American System" , A fair Tariff, internal improvements (infrastructure) anda strong national bank |
| Election of 1836 | 1st election with whig party, Martin Van Buren easily wins the election |
| panic of 1837 | major depression rocks country- caused by pet banks, bad loans, crop failures, over speculation in land, England withdraws money from the stock market |
| Van Buren | Who is blamed for the depression with massive unemployment, "Van, Van the Used up man" , Starts Independant treasury system and 10 hr federal workday |
| election of 1840 | Whigs united under William Henry Harrison, the one Whig candidate who had won national support 4 years earlier. Borrowing campaign tactics from the Democrats and inventing many of their own, Whigs campaigned hard in every state. The result was a Whig victory and a truly national two-party system. |
| "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" | Harrison's 1840 election slogan |
| Liberty Party | who runs James Birney in election of 1840 |
| Zach Taylor and Harrison | both whigs, military heroes, and die in office |
| pneumonia | Harrison rides around in the rain without a jacket and dies from what? |
| John Tyler | big "states rights" guy, not a whig |
| preemption law | passed by Tyler which allows settlers to claim up to 160 acres of western lands and pay the gov. $1.25 an acre for being the 1st on the land |
| Texas | what is annexed in December of 1845 and becomes the 28th state, "lone star" state |
| Texas War | Texas gained indepenedence from Mexico; wanted to become a state; US went to War with Mexico |
| Webster Ashburton Treaty | 1842 between the US and the Brits, settled boundry disputes in the North West, fixed most borders between US and Canada, talked about slavery and excredition |
| Clayton - Bulwer Treaty | between U.S. and Great Britain agreeing that neither country would try to obtain exclusive rights to canal across Isthmus of Panama; Abrogated by U.S. in 1881 |
| Manifest Destiny | a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God) |
| mormons | church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT |
| shakers | American religious sect devoted to the teachings of Ann Lee Stanley, prohibited marriage and sexual relationships |
| Utopian Societies | new harmony, brook farm, and Onieda Company - communal, liberal , progressive , "free love" |
| Seneca Falls Convention | Took place in upperstate New York in 1848. Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote. |
| Horace Mann | United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859) |
| Northern Culture | industrial economy by 1840 , manufactured goods - huge expansion of coal and iron ore |
| Southern Culture | "king cotton" , plantation economy, |
| Tredegar Iron Works | large iron factory that operated in Richmond, Virginia, in the early to mid-1800s |
| Edmund Ruffin | advocated crop rotation, deep plowing and fertilization of soil |
| Mount Holyoke | First women's college in US |
| Election of 1844 | Candidates: Henry Clay (Whigs- in an upset over Van Buren) and James Polk (Democrat). Polk favored expansion, demanded that Texas and Oregon be added to the US and Clay had already spoken out against annexation. Polk won the election by the difference of one state (NY, because some of its votes went to the Liberty Party candidate, losing Clay the state) |
| Expansionist | James K. Polk is a ___________ . |
| Liberty Party | a former political party in the United States, anti - slavery party |
| Polk 5 Point Platform | reduce tarriff, acquire southwest, annex texas, set up treasury system, settle oregon border dispute |
| Old Rough and Ready | General Zachary Taylor fought to the Rio Grande, repulsed Santa Anna |
| Spotty Lincoln | Abe Lincoln |
| Mexican War | Zachary Taylor invades Northern Mexico , General Winfield Scott marches and captures Mexico City, Stephen Kennedy's conquest of New Mexico and California |
| Old Fuss and Feathers | Winfield Scott |
| "The Pathfinder" | John C. Freemont |
| Climax of Mexican War | with the battle of Mexico City and Mexican govt sues for peace |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | February 2 1848. The agreement between President Polk and the new Mexican government for Mexico to cede California and New Mexico to the US and acknowledge the Rio Grand as the boundary of Texas. In return, the US promised to assume any financial claims its new citizens had against Mexico and to pay the Mexicans $15 million. |
| 529,189 sq miles | how much does the US get in the Mexican War |
| Osceola | leader of the seminoles |
| 54'40' | Northern boundary of Oregon territory jointly occupied with Britain, advocated by Democratic party and others as the desired line of American expansion. |
| Alexis de Tocqueville | Frenchman makes unflattering comments about Americans - backward but practical , good but not smart |
| Wilmont Proviso 1846 | a bill proposed no slavery in territories acquired from Mexican War - designed to stop criticism that the war was to expand slavery |
| Election of 1848 | Candidates: 1. Zachary Taylor-winner, honest, ignorant (whig) 2. Martin Van Buren (Free Soil Party- made slavery an issue) 3. Lewis Cass-father of popular sovereignty (Democrat). Zachary Taylor became president, died in office, making his vice president Millard Fillmore president |
| overseer | the person who manages slaves |
| the peculiar institution | institution of slavery |
| Paul Cuffie | starts a bakc to Africa movement |
| Liberia | country formed in 1846 for people to return to Africa |
| Frederick Douglass | famous black abolishionist, forms newspaper "the North Star" |
| Oberlin College | first college to teach women and African Americans |
| Nat Turner's Revolt | Uprising of slaves un Southampton County, Virginia, in the summer of 1831 led by Nat Turner which resulted in the death of 55 white people. |
| California Gold Rush | 1849 (San Francisco 49ers) Gold discovered in California attracted a rush of people all over the country to San Francisco. |
| Compromise of 1850 | California admitted as a free state, states to be determined by popular sovereignty, no slave trade, and a tougher fugitive act |
| popular sovereignty | people hold the final authority in all matters of government, Stephen A. Douglass |
| Nashville Convention | meeting of representatives of nine southern states in the summer of 1850 to monitor the negotiations over the Compromise of 1850; it called for extension of the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean and a stronger Fugitive Slave Law. The convention accepted the Compromise but laid the groundwork for a southern confederacy in 1860-1861. |
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