1.
acropolis: high city
2.
alliance: an organization of people (or countries) involved in a pact or treaty
3.
aristocracy: A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility
4.
assimilated: accepted into the general population of other cultures
5.
Classical Greek Period: early democracy; the most famous of the periods of philosophy, centered in Athens; Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were the main philosophers- when the major themes and arguments in philosophy emerged
6.
Comedy: any play that wasn't a tragedy; often poke fun at society
7.
Delian League: alliance formed by Greek city-states after the Persian Wars; Athens took advantage of this arrangement which made other city-states mad
8.
direct democracy: a form of democracy where a large citizens take direct part in day-to-day affairs of government
9.
Dorians: Greek-speaking people who lived in Greece's northern mountains,moved south. Founded Sparta
10.
drama: consisted of two genres, comedy and tragedy, and was performed for rituals
11.
heliocentric solar system: The theory that the Sun is in the center of our solar system
12.
Hellenes: What the Greeks called themselves
13.
helot: A slave in Sparta
14.
jury: a group of citizens chosen to hear evidence and make a decision in a court of law
15.
legislature: Lawmaking Body
16.
logic: reasoned and reasonable judgment
17.
Minoans: the first people to inhabit Greece; lived on Crete; were great sea traders but not so great conquerors
18.
monarchy: government under a single ruler
19.
Mycenaens: Indo-Europeans who conquered Greece and Crete; sea traders; took part in Trojan war
20.
oligarchy: a political system governed by a few people
21.
Olympic games: one of the all- Hellenic rituals observed by all Greek city-states; involved athletic competitions and ritual celebrations; had some religious significance
22.
ostracism: exclusion from a group
23.
Parthenon: white marble temple built in ancient Athens in honor of Athena
24.
Peloponnesian War: a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta aka the Peloponnesian Leauge
25.
Persian Wars: A series of wars between the Greeks (mainly Athens) and the Persians in which the Greeks were usually victorious. The end of these wars made Athens a dominant city-state.
26.
phalanx: a military formation of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields, what the Macedonians used to conquer so many places
27.
polis: Greek word for city-state
28.
rhetoric: using language effectively to please or persuade
29.
Socratic method: way of teaching developed by Socrates that used a question-and-answer format to force students to use their reason to see things for themselves
30.
stipend: fixed pay for services; salary
31.
Stoicism: founded by Zeno; main characteristics were that people should avoid desires and disappointments by accepting calmly whatever life brought and to have high moral standards like protecting the rights of other human beings
32.
the Illiad: epic poem about the Trojan war, by Homer
33.
the Odyssey: a Greek epic poem by Homer describing the journey of Odysseus after the fall of Troy
34.
The Republic: The best-known work of Plato, in which Socrates is shown outlining an ideal state, ruled by philosopher-kings.
35.
tragedy: explore the causes of human suffering; anything that has unhappy ending
36.
Trojan War: In Greek mythology it was a great war fought between Greece and Troy; in reality it was most likely a trade war fought between Troy and Mycenae because Troy was right by the Hellasopt which is a major trading route; thought to be myth until Heinrich Schliemann proved them wrong and excavated the site
37.
tyrants: in ancient Greece, rulers who seized power by force but who ruled with the people's support
