Art History Chapter 6
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50 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 trefoils | Ornamental designs made up of three rounded lobes placed adjacent to one another |
| boss | circular knob |
| Vedas | Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. |
| upanishads | commentaries on the Vedas that are considered sacred texts in the Hindu religion |
| samsara | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the endless cycle of birth and suffering and death and rebirth |
| karma | (Hinduism and Buddhism) the effects of a person's actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation |
| nirvana | any place of complete bliss and delight and peace |
| asceticism | rigorous self-denial and active self-restraint |
| chakra | Buddha's wheel, set in motion at Sarnath |
| dharma | in Hinduism, the divine law that rules karma; it requires all people to do their duty based on their status in society |
| bodhisattvas | potential buddhas. could choose to give up nirvana and work to save humanity through good works and self sacrifice |
| urna | A whorl of hair, represented as a dot, between the brows; one of the lakshanas of the Buddha. |
| ushnisha | knot of hair on Buddah to symbolize wisdom |
| mudras | Choreographed hand movements used in the rituals of Vajrayana Buddhism. |
| parinirvana | death of Buddha |
| chakravartin | in India, the ideal king, the Universal Lord who ruled through goodness |
| viharas | Monastic residential hall for Buddhist monks (usually on hill) |
| stupas | Buddhist shrines that have the shape of a dome or mound. |
| chaitya halls | A type of Buddhist temple found in India; highly decorated w/ sculpture (carved from a cave or natural rock) |
| reliquaries | container for relics |
| circumambulation | In Buddhist worship, walking around the stupa in a clockwise direction |
| mandalas | sacred diagram of the universe |
| toranas | Stone gateways |
| harmika | In Buddhist architecture, a stone fence or railing that encloses an area surmounting the dome of a stupa that represents one of the Buddhist heavens; from the center arises the yasti. |
| chatras | 3 horizontal projections on the yast that correspond to the 3 aspects of buddhism |
| jatakas | the legends of Buddha's previous reincarnations |
| yakshis | female goddess signifying fertility and vegitation |
| yakshas | powerful male equivalent of yakshis |
| yasti | vertical pole within a harmika that the connection of paradise to earth in the universe |
| ambulatory | the passage (walkway) around the apse in a basilican church or around the central space in a central-plan church |
| mithunas | the Hindu representation of a male and a female locked in passionate embrace |
| rathas | small freestanding Hindu temples |
| garbha griha | Hindi "womb chamber"; In Hindu temples the cella for the cult image or symbol |
| shikhara | the beehive-shaped tower of a northern-style Hindu temple |
| amalaka | in Hindu temple design, the large flat disk with ribbed edges surmounting the beehive-shaped tower |
| mandapas | Sacred dancers performed Bhakti on the BLANKS at the Hindu temples. |
| Sanskrit | (Hinduism) an ancient language of India (the language of the Vedas and of Hinduism) |
| vimanas | pyramidal tower over the garbha griha of a southern style Hindu temple |
| wats | Buddhist temples that also serve as monasteries. |
| Shiva | the Destroyer |
| Nandi | bull which Shiva rides; gatekeeper of Shiva and Parvati |
| Vishnu | the Sustainer |
| Krishna | 8th and most important avatar of Vishnu |
| Devi | The mother goddess of Hinduism. The worship of this deity encouraged new emotionalism in the religion. |
| Parvati | wife of Siva and a benevolent aspect of Devi: goddess of plenty |
| Uma | a benevolent aspect of Devi |
| Lakshmi | Hindu goddess of fortune and prosperity |
| Radha | goddess of beauty and charm and she is the consort of Krishna. She will always be with Krishna |
| Durga | goddess of war |
| Ganesha | Hindu god of wisdom or prophecy |
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