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Adolf Hitler was born in Ausrtria with deep German roots, considered himself a german,awkward school kid, 9 years old his grandmother died and the doctor never made it in time to help her, this doctor was Jewish. In high school he planned on persuing in a field of art. his parents thougt art was gonna get him nowhere in life. His paintings were very sad and dark, so he graduates at age 17 and he hits the streets worked to get food and saved up enough to go to the art school. He was not accepted into the art school and he went nuts emotionally. starts reading books about Germanic past and hears about this thing called the spear of destiny, but later the call is given out for all austrians to go out and serve in the war (WW1) he is given a medal for his actions on the central powers side, was well known for his service to the war In 1919 moved to Munkich Germany where he started the National Socialists Workers Party Whic later became known as the NAZI Party. Gestapo secret state police headed by Heinrich Himmler. much feared by everyone in Germany because of their cruelty from hunting down Jews Soviet Union country that communist leader, Josef Stalin, fought for the allied powers during WWII; was against US during Korean War and after WWII because they wanted to spread communism during the cold war 5 Year Economic Plan Josef Stalin'a economic plan when he came into power The Great Purge Josef Stalin's rein of terror on the Soviet Union, Time period when all opposition to the communist government under Stalin were sent to labor camps "Show Trials" Trials that Josef Stalin did during the Great Purge and the only verdict was guilty KGB formerly the predominant security police organization of Soviet Russia II Duce Benito Mussolini's nickname when he came into power and it means the 'duke' or the 'leader' Mein Kempf in English means 'My Struggles' or 'My battle,' is a book dictated by Adolf Hitler. It combines elements of autobiography with an exposition of Hitler's National Socialist political German Economy of 1936 it marked when Germany was out of their depression and the economy improved drastically in a short period of time Neville Chamberlain he was prime minister of Britain and he made a pact with Adolf Hitler to not destroy Great Britain Czechoslovakia one of the few country's that Adolf Hitler didn't conquer because he thought that they were crazy Francisco Franco he was the leader of a group of nationalist in Spain's civil war and later became dictator of Spain Manchurian Incident Situation in 1931 when Japanese troops, claiming that Chinese Soldiers had tried to blow up a railway line, took matters into their own hands by capturing several southern manchurian cities, and by continuing to take over the country even after Chinese troops had withdrawn. Neutrality Acts (1935-1938) a series of acts made by F.D. Roosevelt that made the US neutral from all wars Chiang Kai Shek (1887-1975), Chinese statesman and general; president of China 1928-31 and 1943-49 and of Taiwan 1950-75. He tried to unite China by military means in the 1930s but was defeated by the Communists. Forced to abandon mainland China in 1949, he set up a separate Nationalist Chinese State in Taiwan. Mao Tse Dong he was the leader of the communist party in china during the Chinese civil war Yamamoto Isoruku he was the leader of the attack on Pearl Harbor; he said "I think that we have awakened a sleeping giant." Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 the date the Japanese attacked the US at Pearl Harbor; half the entire US navy was destroyed in an hour; there was no US counter-attack because it happened so fast Atlantic Charter (1941) was the charter that helped create the United Nations Blitzkrieg "LIGHTNING WAR" HITLER'S STRATEGY USING FAST-MOVING PLANES AND TANKS FOLLOWED BY MASSIVE INFANTRY FORCES North African Campaign Allies made plans to attack North Africa instead. Axis forces there were in control of Erwin Rommel "Desert Fox". Allies drove Germany out of North Africa in May 1943. Significant: because it gives us experience and battle practice. November 1942= El Aleman British protect Suez Canal. November 8, 1942: Allies land in Morocco (under Eisenhower) George Patton May 1943: Drive Germans out of North Africa. Erwin Rommel he is known as the 'desert fox' for his many wins for Germany across North Africa Battle of El Alamein a huge victory over Germany by Britain; the first major win of the allied powers (General Bernard Montgomery) Dwight D. Eisenhower leader of the war in Europe appointed by F.D. Roosevelt himself D-Day means 'decision day'; the day US entered western France V-E Day was the day the allied power captured Berlin and ended the war in Germany, May 8, 1945 - "victory in Europe" SS Hitler's Secret Police before it changed to the Gestapo Final Solution 'The Final Solution for the Jewish Question' was the cover name for Hitler's plan to destroy all the Jews in Europe, It began in December 1941 Auschwitz was the worst concentration camp during the holocaust and more people died there then anywhere else Women at home during the War Many women went to work on the home front while the men were fighting in the war "We can do it" 'Uncle Joe" F.D.R's nickname for Josef Stalin Truman Doctrine President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology Eisenhower Doctrine States. Furthermore, countries that took stances opposed to Communism would be given aid in various forms. Dunkirk city in the northwest corner of France where the allied troops were trapped by the advancing Germany Army. 800 British ships, ranging from warships to fishing boats, crossed the channel from England to rescue over 300,000 British and French troops. king Victor Emmanuell III king who gave up his power to Benito Mussollini General George Patton This American general was one of the most successful and controversial in American military history. He was dedicated, well-trained, intelligent and a brilliant strategist. He was also arrogant, quick of temper, foul-mouthed, and believed in reincarnation. He was briefly relieved of command for slapping a soldier who suffered from battle fatigue, but returned to defeat the Germans in important battles. Kristallnacht "night of broken glass," a name given to the night of November 9,1938, when gangs of Nazi storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues in Germany Yalta Conference "The Big Three", when Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin met in February of '45 to disscuss the fate of Germany ,meeting called by Stalin United Nations Group of 50 nations that was formed in 1945 to help stop communism Hitler-1932-1933 (1933) Hitler becomes Chancellor of coalition government formed by the NSDAP and DNVP U.S. 7th Army U.S. soldiers allegedly gave a number of handguns to the now liberated inmates Benito Mussolini He was a Italin fascit leader who took power in the 1920s; he was the IL Duce ("the leader"); he was known for his brutal policies Joseph Stalin Leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 - 1953; worked with Roosevelt and Churchill during World War II but afterwards became an aggressive participant in the Cold War; he was exiled because he wanted them to convert to communism Greater East Co- Prosperity Sphere As announced in 1940 by Japan's prime minister, the area extending from Manchuria to the Dutch East Indies in which Japan woud expand its influence Lend-Lease Act 1941 law that authorized the President to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security Wannsee Conference: The Jewish Questions 1942 conference in Germany concerning the plan to murder European Jews Battle of Coral Sea Battle fought between May 4-8, 1942. A naval battle between the Japanese Navy and the United States and Australia. It was the first fleet action in which aircraft carriers engaged each other. The battle was a tactical victory for Japan because the United States carrier USS Lexington was lost, while Japanese only lost the light carrier Shoho. It was a strategic victory for the Allies because the Japanese failed to land troops to take Port Moresby, New Guinea. No side was the clear victor but this set the stage for the Battle of Midway Battle of Midway 1942 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific, June 1942; first defeat of the modern Japanese Navy had ever suffered and it crippled them leaving the US control of Central Pacific Battle of Guadalcanal 1942 - 1943 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, Fought on August 7, 1942; Japanese advanced was finally stopped; fought more on land; nicknamed "Shoestring" Battle of Leyte Gulf Air and sea battle of World War II that gave the allies control of the Pacific. The U.S. landed on the Philippine island of Leyte. The Japanese tried to lure the U.S. fleet north so their three attack forces could move into Leyte Gulf. The U.S. noticed one of the forces before and resulted in the largest naval battle of the war. The U.S. came out victorious and completed its invasion of the Philippines Battle of Okinawa Final land battle of the Pacific War on Easter Sunday, April 1, 1945. Lt. Gen. Simon Bolivar Buckner Jr. had crossed the island without enemy contact. Japanese Lt. Gen. Mitsuru Ushijima's plan was the counterattack when most of their fleet was crippled by combined air and sea action. The American won in the end NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization - 1949 alliance of nations that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved Harry Truman 33rd President of the United States, 1945 - 1953; authorized use of the atomic bomb; signed the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe Ukraine was the greatest victim of World War II, suffering the greatest material damage and the greatest human losses of any country in the war;One reason was that Ukraine suffered twice from a "scorched earth" policy conducted by the two greatest totalitarian powers of this century, first Stalin's Soviet Russia and then by Hitler's Nazi Germany Great Purge was a series of campaigns of political repression and persecution in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin in 1936-1938; Also described as a "Soviet holocaust"; involved the purge of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, repression of peasants, Red Army leadership, and the persecution of unaffiliated persons, characterized by widespread police surveillance, widespread suspicion of "saboteurs", imprisonment, and killings; Estimates of the number of deaths associated with the Great Purge run from the official figure of 681,692 to nearly 2,000,000 reichstag fire the Reichstag building burned down in a suspicious fire; hitler blames the Communist and used the disaster to convince the parliment to pass an enabling Bill which gave him distatorial powers Expansion of Nazi Germany (1938 - 1939) Oct 15, 1938 - Nazi troops occupy the Sudetenland; March 15/16 - Nazi troops seize Czechoslovakia; Sept 1, 1939 - Nazis invade Poland. Beginning of SS activity in Poland; Sept 17, 1939 - Soviet troops invade eastern Poland; Sept 29, 1939 - Nazis and Soviets divide up Poland. Over two million Jews reside in Nazi controlled areas, leaving 1.3 million in the Soviet area expansion of Nazi Germany (1940 - 1941) April 9, 1940 - Nazis invade Denmark and Norway; May 10, 1940 - Nazis invade France, Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg; June 14, 1940 - Paris is occupied by the Nazis; Oct 7, 1940 - Nazis invade Romania; March 2, 1941 - Nazis occupy Bulgaria; April 6, 1941 - Nazis invade Yugoslavia and Greece; June 22, 1941 - Nazis invade the Soviet Union; Sept 19, 1941 - Nazis take Kiev Spain (March 1939) March 28, 1939 - Spanish Civil war ends. Hague Rules of Draft Air Warfare The 1923 Hague Draft Rules of Air Warfare prohibits attacks on civilians Rape of Nanking The Nanking massacre it is a 6 week period following the capture of Nanking during this period the Imperial Japanese Army committed atrocities such as rape, looting, arson, and the excution of prisoners of war and civilians rising to the level of war crime (Italy) October 13,1943 Italy's government declares war on Germany. The German Army in Italy continued to resist, blocking roads and destorying bridges as it retreated northward through the mountainous Italian peninsula. The Germans set up Mussolini as the puppet ruler of a facist Italian state in northern Italy Battle of Stalingrad The Red Army decided to make its stand at Stalingrad, a major rail and industrial center on the Volga River. In mid- September 1942, the Germans began a campiagn of firebombing and shelling that lasted more than 2 months. Soviet fighters took up positions in the charred rubble that remained of Stalingrad. There they engaged the advancing German troops in bitter house-to-house combat, but lost most of the city. Operation Overlord was the code name for the invasion of northwest Europe during World War II by Allied forces. The operarion began with the Normandy Landing on June 6, 1944 (commonly known as D-Day), among the largest amphibious assaults ever conducted. Nearly 160,000 troops crossed the English Channel on June 6, and more than 3 million troops had landed by the end of August. Jews and Treblinka Treblinka, a camp hidden in the remote forests of northeastern Poland, along the western border of the Bialystok province. Jews died in the gas chambers at the Dachau camp near Munish, Germany. Japanese expansionism (Dec. 1941 - March 1942) The Japanese expansion of 1941-1942 refers to the opening of the Pacific War when the Empire of Japan attacked British, Dutch, Australian and America holdings in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean Benito Mussolini WW1 veteran, was originally believed in communism, was shot in the war and had to be snt home, In 1919 He Became involved in Italian Fascists Party, believed there should be one supreme authority, In 1922 he threatened to march on Rome and the King became panicked and appointed him prime minister, he got rid of all other parties,suspended elections,and established a dictatorship. He had a dream of forging a new Roman Empire. A fascists slogan summed up his's expansionist goals: "The country Is Nothing Without Conquest." He put these plans into practice by invading Ethiopia in October 1935. "Fascists" this means everything wass in the interest of the estate Josef Stalin after lenin died Stalin became dictator of Soviet Union, He killed his way to win it. He abandoned many of Lenin's methods. He striked fear threw several different Purges. Greater East Co-Prosperity Sphere As announced in 1940 by japan's Prime Minister, the area extending from Manchuria to the Dutch East Indies in Which Japan would expand its influence. Manhattan Project code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II Selective Service and Training Act Required all males ages 21 to 36 to register for military service. Marshall Plan Program of American economic asistance to Western Europe, announced in 1947. Cold War The competition that developed after World War II between the united States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world, lasting until the collapse of the soviet Union. 38th parallel The midpoint of the country of Korea that divided it. rock-and roll Music, that started iin the 1950's, that grew out of rhythn and blues. Elvis Presly One of the best known singers of rock-and roll had three huge hits, "Don't Be Cruel", "Heartbreak Hotel", and "Hound dog" Korean War (1950-3) A conflict between UN forces (primarily US and S Korea) against North Korea, and later China; Gen. Douglas Macarthur led UN forces and was later replaced by Gen. Ridgeway; Resulted in Korea remaining divided at the 38th parallel. Holocaust the mass slaughter of European civilians especially jews by the Nazis during WW2 Battle of Britain German air forces invaded Britain but the British Royal Air Force drove them out with the help of the new invention radar that let them know where the German planes were Bataan Death March Japanese forced about 60,000 of americans and philippines to march 100 miles with little food and water, most died or were killed on the way kamikaze a fighter plane used for suicide missions by Japanese pilots in World War II island hopping stragety of Allies in World War 2 of capturing some Japanese-held islands and going around others Ethiopia African nation invaded by fascist Italy in 1935 Concentration Camps Prison camps established by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party for Jews and other political prisoners during the war. Hideki Tojo Prime Minister of Japan during World War II. Douglas MacArthur U.S General during the Great Depression, WW2 and Korean War, forced by Truman to resign in 1951 tolitarian state country where a single party controls the government and every aspect of people's lives Nuremberg Trials Twenty-two Nazi leaders were tried for war crime and found legally responsible for their actions during wartime Relocation Camps special camps in the United States where Japanese Americans were detained after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Rhineland name of the territory in which Hitler sent troops into in defiance of the Versailles treaty in 1935. US Atomic Bombs Dropped August 6 and 9 1945 Warsaw Pact treaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania Iron Curtain A term popularized by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to describe the Soviet Union's policy of isolation during the Cold War. The barrier isolated Eastern Europe from the rest of the world. baby_boom the larger than expected generation in United States born shortly after World War II Brinkmanship policy formulated by John Foster Dulles in which the US had to go to the edge of all out war in order to maintain peace;stating that the US must be willing to go to the brink of war in order to maintain peace and prevent and spread communism Arms Race competition to creat biggest nuclear store of weapons between soviet/US especially Berlin Wall a wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West Homes outside city limits where people flocked to during the 1950s Suburbs 2 most popular technologies during the 1950s TVs and cars Interstate Highway Act 1956 Eisenhower 20 yr plan to build 41,000 mi of highway, largest public works project in history Modern Republicanism President Eisenhower's views. Claiming he was liberal toward people but conservative about spending money, he helped balance the federal budget and lower taxes without destroying existing social programs. "Purification" of the communists party also the same as the Great Purge Hague Rules of Draft Warfare created in 1923 that Prohibited attacks on civilians, hitler broke this rule in the Battle of Britain japanese involvement in the league of nations helped create the league of nations Soviet Foreighn Policy Sighned alliances with everyone in axis powers, Germany,Japan Egypt where the battle of El Alamein took place, Britain beat back the Natzis in this battle Algeria French Colony that lost it from the Natzis Tunisia Where the Natzis first entered Africa Libya Where the Natzis pushed the Britain out in this country Policy of Deterrance is the policy of making the military power of the United States and its allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack for fear of retalliation. Joseph Mccarthy he went around and said all these people were for communism and he helped start a second red scare