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 House of Burgesses | Virginia's legislative assembly; similar to parliament |
| Powhatan | Native American chief in Virginia |
| Bacon's Rebellion | Uprising by poor colonists of Virginia against governor, led by Nathaniel Bacon |
| King Philip's War | Early, bloody conflict between English colonists and Native Americans |
| Salem Witch Trials | Girls from Salem, MA accused of being "witches" |
| New England Colonies | Founded by Puritans for religious freedom-Massachusetts, R.I. |
| Mid-Atlantic Colonies | Pennsylvania, New York |
| Pennsylvania | Founded by William Penn as a Quaker colony |
| New Amsterdam | Originally founded by the Dutch; renamed New York by England |
| Rhode Island | Founded by Roger Williams, broke away from Massachusetts |
| Quebec | 1st permanent French colony; founded by Samuel de Champlain |
| Mercantilism | Acquiring wealth to benefit the mother country |
| Middle Passage | Horrible sea voyage that carried African slaves |
| Great Awakening | Religious revival; encouraged a personal relationship w/ God |
| Benjamin Franklin | Great American leader, inventor, diplomat and renaissance man |
| Transatlantic trade | Trade between England and her colonies |
| French and Indian War | War between Britain and France over the Ohio Valley region |
| Treaty of Paris 1763 | Ended the F and I war; France gave up Canada and all land East of the Mississippi River |
| Proclamation of 1763 | British law; said colonists could not settle beyond the Appalachians |
| Stamp Act | British tax on all paper products (documents etc.) |
| Intolerable Acts | Closed the port of Boston as punishment for Boston Tea Party |
| Sons of Liberty | Led by Sam Adams, protested unfair British rule |
| Thomas Paine | American patriot; wrote an influential pamphlet protesting Britain |
| Declaration of Independence | America's most important document; declaring independence |
| John Locke | Philosopher who believed in natural rights, criticized kings |
| Thomas Jefferson | Writer of Declaration of Independence; influenced by John Locke |
| George Washington | America's leader during the Revolution; 1st president |
| Yorktown | Final battle of American Revolution; support from France was important |
| Treaty of Paris 1783 | Ended American Revolution; America officially gained independence |
| Articles of Confederation | America's 1st constitution; was too weak because the government had no power to tax, etc. |
| Federalists | Supporters of a strong central governmentt and rule by the elite; led by Hamilton |
| Anti-Federalists | Supporters of states' power; farmers; led by Jefferson |
| Great Compromise | Settled disputes between states with large and small populations; created a bicameral legislature |
| Bill of Rights | First 10 amendments to the Constitution; emphasizes personal freedoms |
| Shays' Rebellion | Protest of farmers who couldn't pay their war debts which caused them to lose their farms |
| Whiskey Rebellion | Rebellion of farmers protesting tax on whiskey |
| Checks and Balances | System where 1 branch can't dominate another |
| Separation of Powers | Legislative (Congress), Executive (President), Judicial (Courts) |
| The Federalist | Written by Hamilton, Madison and Jay; encouraged ratification of the Constitution |
| Northwest Ordinance | Encouraged Westward expansion and creation of new states |
| Lewis and Clark Expedition | Explored undiscovered western USA |
| War of 1812 | Britain and US; fought over freedom of the sea, impressment |
| Monroe Doctrine | Outlawed interference in American affairs/Western Hemisphere |
| Industrial Revolution | Power driven machines replaced hand labor |
| Eli Whitney | Inventor of cotton gin and interchangeable parts |
| Manifest Destiny | America's right to expand westward |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Leader for women's rights/suffrage |
| Seneca Falls Convention | America's 1st women's rights convention |
| Nat Turner | Led a violent slave revolt |
| William Lloyd Garrison | Leading white abolitionist, created abolitionist newspaper "Liberator" |
| Frederick Douglas | Ex-slave abolitionist; created "North Star" abolitionist paper |
| Missouri Compromise | Maine would be free, Missouri slave; slavery banned north of 36/30 latitude line |
| Wilmot Proviso | Failed proposal that all land gained from Mexican War be free |
| Mexican War | US vs. Mexico; US gained California, Arizona, N. Mexico |
| Compromise of 1850 | California would be free; fugitive slave act enforced stronger |
| John Brown | Abolitionist who led a slave raid on Harper's Ferry; died a martyr |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Law that allowed popular sovereignty (states right to choose between slavery and free) |
| Abraham Lincoln | US president during Civil War; one of greatest ever |
| Gettysburg Address | Lincoln's speech honoring the dead soldiers fighting for a great cause |
| Vicksburg | Turning battle because it cut the South in 2; North controlled Mississippi River |
| Gettysburg | Worst battle; Confederates no longer tried to invade the North after this |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Lincoln's law that freed all slaves in Confederate states |
| North's economy | Based on factories; industrialism |
| South's economy | Based on agriculture; slaves |
| Robert E. Lee | Confederate (Southern) General |
| U.S. Grant | Union (Northern) General |
| Dred Scott Case | Said all slaves are property; not citizens. US couldn't prohibit slavery |
| Presidential Reconstruction | No revenge on the South; lenient policy after Civil War |
| Radical Republican Reconstruction | Tried to punish the South after Civil War; get revenge |
| Freedman's Bureau | Sought to help former slaves and poor whites after the Civil War |
| Civil Rights Amendments | 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments |
| 13th Amendment | Outlawed slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Gave anyone born in America equal citizenship |
| 15th Amendment | Voting rights for ALL males regardless of color |
| John D. Rockefeller | Founder of Standard Oil |
| Andrew Carnegie | Founder of Carnegie Steel |
| Transcontinental Railroad | Railroad from the east to the west coast of the US |
| Thomas Edison | America's greatest inventor-light bulb, phonograph, motion picture |
| Robber Baron | Rich businessman who put other companies out of business |
| Chinese | Immigrants who worked on railroads on the west coast |
| Trust | One company dominates the industry |
| Ellis Island | Location of immigrant inspection in N.Y. |
| Wounded Knee | Location of Indian massacre by US troops |
| Sitting Bull | Leader of Dakota Sioux Indians; defeated Custer at Little Bighorn |
| Samuel Gompers | Labor leader; head of AFL (American Federation of Labor) |
| Upton Sinclair | Muckraker who wrote "The Jungle" exposing meat packing plants |
| Muckrakers | Journalists who exposed corruption |
| Jane Addams | Reformer who established Hull House for the poor |
| Jim Crow laws | "Separate but Equal"/unfair laws |
| Plessy v Ferguson | Court case that established "separate but equal" laws |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Great US president who established national parks and conservation |
| Spanish-American War | War w/ Spain; US gained Puerto Rico, Philippines, Cuba |
| Panama Canal | Allowed ships to pass from Atlantic to Pacific oceans |
| Roosevelt Corollary | US has the right to intervene in Latin American affairs |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | Banned all Chinese immigrants |
| Neutrality | US policy at outbreak of WW1 |
| Reasons US entered WWI | German unrestricted sub warfare; Zimmerman note |
| League of Nations | International peacekeeping organization; US failed to join |
| Fourteen Points | Wilson's plan for international peace after WWI |
| Great Migration | Mass movement of blacks to the north looking for work |
| 18th Amendment | Outlawed alcohol (prohibition) |
| 19th Amendment | Gave women the right to vote (suffrage) |
| Red Scare | Fear of communism in America |
| Henry Ford | Inventor of Model T automobile and mass production/assembly line |
| radio/movies | America's main forms of entertainment during the 20's-30's |
| Harlem Renaissance | Flowering of Africa American art/achievement (Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong, etc) |
| Causes of Great Depression | Overproduction, Underconsumption, stock market speculation |
| Dust Bowl | Caused by over farming in 1930s |
| Hoovervilles | Makeshift shacks where those suffering from the depression lived |
| Black Tuesday | Stock Market Crash |
| New Deal | FDR's series of programs to end the Depression |
| TVA | Tennessee Valley Authority-built dams and power plants |
| Social Security Act | Gave insurance/benefits to retired persons over age 65 |
| Wagner Act | Protected the rights of workers/union members |
| Neutrality Act | Made it illegal to sell weapons or make loans to nations at war |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | FDR's "eyes and Ears"; she was a great inspiration to millions |
| Court Packing plan | FDR's failed plan to pack the court with hand picked judges |
| A. Philip Randolph | Proposed to march on Washington for civil rights for blacks in US |
| Pearl Harbor | December 7, 1941; Japanese attack on America; reason for US entry into WWII |
| Lend-Lease Program | US policy to lend weapons to Allied nations during WWII |
| Internment camps | Where Japanese Americans were placed after Pearl Harbor attack |
| Battle of Midway | Turning point battle in the Pacific against Japan |
| D-Day | Largest Allied invasion force in history; goal to regain France |
| Manhattan Project | Code-name of atomic bomb project |
| Marshall Plan | US plan to rebuild Europe after WWII by donating billions of dollars |
| Truman Doctrine | Policy to help any country fight against communism |
| Korean War | North vs. South Korea; ended in a stalemate at the 38th parallel |
| Joseph McCarthy | He led communist "witch hunts" during second Red Scare; accused many innocent Americans |
| Bay of Pigs | Failed US attempt to overthrow Castro; disaster for US |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | Near nuclear war with Cuba/Russia; Cuban nukes pointed at US |
| Vietnam War | War fought in Vietnam; US helped South Vietnam vs. communist North Vietnam |
| Tet Offensive | Largest North Vietnamese (Vietcong) invasion of the Vietnam War |
| Containment | US policy to stop the spread of communism |
| Baby Boom | Huge growth of population after WWII |
| Levittown | Mass produced homes/planned communities for cheap |
| Interstate Highway Act | National network of highways connecting US cities |
| Sputnik | First satellite in space launched by Russia |
| Impact of TV | It influenced American viewers on politics, civil rights etc. |
| Brown v Board | Outlawed segregation in schools; overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson |
| MLK's Speech | "I Have a Dream" |
| Civil Rights Act 1964 | Outlawed discrimination based on race, gender, religion |
| Voting Rights Act 1965 | Outlawed literacy tests for voting |
| Harry Truman | President who integrated he army; huge step for Civil Rights Movement |
| Warren Court | Became famous for landmark decisions such as Brown v. Board, Miranda v. Arizona, etc. |
| Great Society | LBJ's program to end poverty/discrimination-(Medicare, Welfare, Civil Rights Act 1964) |
| Miranda Rights | Law that police must read suspects their constitutional rights upon arrest |
| SCLC | An organization formed in 1957 by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and other leaders to work for civil rights through nonviolent means |
| Rachel Carson | Environmentalist who wrote "Silent Spring" criticizing pesticides/pollution |
| Cesar Chavez | Co-founder of the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee, a labor union formed to seek higher wages and better working conditions for Mexican-American farm workers in California |
| Richard Nixon | Conservative movement president; wanted to reform Great Society programs; elected in 1968 |
| NOW | This organization was formed in 1966 to pursue feminist goals such as better childcare facilities, improved educational opportunities, and an end to job discrimination |
| Watergate Scandal | Result of break-in committed by Nixon's administration; goal was to cover attempted burglary |
| Roe v Wade | Supreme Court decision which gave women the right to choose if they want an abortion |
| Camp David Accords | Peace agreement between Israel and Egypt led by Jimmy Carter at Camp David |
| Iran Hostage Crisis | Lasted 444 days; US hostages finally released by Iranian radicals |
| Reaganomics | Reagan's economic policy; tax cuts, arms build up, budget cuts |
| NAFTA | Trade Agreement established by Clinton administration between US, Canada and Mexico |
| Bill Clinton | Second president to suffer impeachment for perjury and obstruction of justice |
| 2000 election | Bush v. Gore, very controversial-Bush won (lost popular vote, won electoral vote) |
| 9/11 | Terrorist attacks on US soil (World Trade Center, Pentagon) |