1.
cantus firmus (fixed song): a melody, either composed or taken from another source, on which certain polyphonic works are constructed
2.
chant (plainchant): a type of monophonic liturgical song in which rhythm is determined by text
3.
chant; author is unknown: Ave Maria
4.
chant; author is unknown: Dies Irae
5.
chant; Hildegard von Bingen: O Ierusalem
6.
Crusades: the religious and military campaigns that brought westerners into greater contact with the culture of the east
7.
Gothic: span of history from about 1100-1400. Late Medieval Time
8.
Gregorian chant: the kind of chant named after Pope Gregory I
9.
guido d'arezzo 997-1050: monk; one of the principal innovators of musical notation
10.
hildegard von Bingen 1098-1197: mystic; one of the earliest composers of Gothic music; one of the earliest identified known women composers; wrote religious music set to her own poetry
11.
mass (divine liturgy): the celebration of the Eucharist - the main liturgy or service of the Roman Catholic Church
12.
mass; kyrie; machaut: messe de Notre Dame
13.
medieval period: span of history extending roughly from the year 500-1400; also known as the middle ages; usually divided into two important sub periods
14.
minnesinger: composer-poet of medieval Germany; wandering minstrel
15.
modes: the system of tonal organization that predates the modern major and minor: Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, and Mixolydian are the names of the most common modes
16.
monody: solo voice with accompaniment
17.
motet; de Vitry: Petre Clements, tam re quam nimine
18.
neume: an early system of medieval notational symbol that indicates musical pitches
19.
office (divine office): a religious ceremony or rite - there are 8 offices or Canonical Hours which are celebrated every day at stated times in a regular order
20.
ordinary mass: the texts that are common to all celebrations of the Mass
21.
organum: an early form of counterpoint in which one or more lines is added to a cantus firmus: at cadences voices must return to the perfect consonances of unison, 5th, or octave
22.
organum; Perotin: Sederunt principles
23.
Proper mass: those texts in the Mass that are only appropriate for particular occasions or feasts
24.
Romanesque: span of history from about 500-1100; an artistic style influenced by the Romans marked by stark simplicity and its use of the rounded arch
25.
secular music; Wolkenstein: vil lieber grusse
26.
troubadour: composer-poet of the late 12th and 13th centuries in southern France: wandering minstrel
27.
trouvere: composer-poet of the late 12th and 13th centuries in northern France: wandering minstrel