RNA
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Central Dogma of Biology | DNA > RNA > Protein |
| Gene | section of a chromosome that codes for a trait (the bigger the chromosome the bigger the trait) |
| How does the code get to the ribosomes? | RNA's |
| 3 types of RNA | 1) mRNA 2)rRNA 3) tRNA |
| mRNA | messenger: that carries the code to ribosomes to make protein |
| rRNA | ribosomal: makes up ribosomes ( makes the ribosome itself) |
| tRNA | transfer: amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosomes |
| DNA has thymine vs. | RNA has uracil |
| RNA single stranded vs. | DNA double stranded |
| Deoxyribose vs. | ribose |
| Protein synthesis | making of a protein in the cell |
| 2 parts of protein synthesis | 1) transcription 2) translation |
| Transcription | the making of RNA from DNA (all types of RNA are made this way- focuses on mRNA) |
| Translation | the RNA code is converted into proteins |
| Total number of amino acids | 20 |
| codon | 3 nucleotides in a row in mRNA that codes for an amino acid |
| start codon | AUG |
| first amino acid | met(hionine) |
| stop codons | stops the making of the protein |
| post-transcriptional modifications | changes to mRNA before it leaves nucleus |
| (post-transcriptional modifications) | 1) 5` GTP cap 2) 3` Poly-A tail 3) introns are removed 4) extrons are spliced together |
| tRNA structure | (2 ends) 1 anticodon 2 amino acid ends |
| rRNA structure | sites- spaces for tRNAs to bind |
| translocation | the moving of ribosomes down the mRNA while making a protein |
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