AP bio ch. 14 vocab
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Created by:
juansutherland on November 30, 2011
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21 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 speciation | the process by which one species splits into two or more species |
| biological species concept | defines a species as a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring |
| reproductive isolation | prevents genetic exchange (gene flow) and maintains the gap between species |
| hybrids | offspring that result from the breeding of clearly distinct species |
| morphological species concept | a classification system used to define species using separation based on physical traits |
| ecological species concept | identifies species based on their ecological niches, focuses on unique adaptions to their particular role in the community |
| phylogenetic species concept | identifies a species as the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor and thus form one branch of the tree of life |
| reproductive barriers | controls that keep species separate |
| prezygotic barriers | prevent mating or fertilization between species |
| habitat isolation | prezygotic barrier where species live in different habitats within the same area and rarely meet |
| temporal isolation | prezygotic barrier where breeding occurs at different times of the day or different seasons |
| behavioral isolation | prezygotic barrier where different courtship rituals or other behaviors prevent mate recognition between species |
| mechanical isolation | prezygotic barrier where differences in physical structures prevent successful mating |
| gametic isolation | prezygotic barrier where male and female gametes of different species fail to unite |
| postzygotic barriers | reproductive barriers that operate after hybrid zygotes have formed |
| allopatric speciation | a mode of speciation where a block of gene flow comes from a geographic barrier that isolates the population |
| sympatric speciation | a new species arises with the same geographic area as its parent species |
| polyploid | organisms that have more than two complete sets of chromosomes in their cells, many new species of plant are like this |
| adaptive radiation | the evolution of many diverse species from a common ancestor |
| hybrid zones | regions in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some hybrid offspring |
| punctuated equilibria | theory used to describe the long periods of little change, or equilibrium that species go through, until they are punchuated by abrupt episodes of speciation |
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