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Theories of Personality types, traits, psychodynamics, and humanistic are personality types distinct, or do they overlap? distinct Who came up with somotypes? Sheldon endomorph body type short and plump endomorph personality sociable, relaxed, and even tempered ectomorph tall and thin ectomorph personality restrained, self conscious, and fond of solitude mesomorph body type heavy set and muscular mesomorph personality noisy, callous, and fond of physical activity Who came up with introvert vs. extrovert? Eysenck another type theory type a vs. type b 5 factor model of personality Openness Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness Neuroticism Criticism on type and trait theories 1. identify but dont explain behavior 2. People are not always consistent 3. Traits emerge more in familiar situations 4. No conception of development psychodynamics Freud what kind of cure did he use "the talking cure" ID had two kinds of instincts life and death another word for life instincts eros another word for source of energy libido death instincts are responsible for __________ and __________ agression and destruction id operates on the ________ principle pleasure the iceberg model represents the id represents values and morals (just as relentless as id in trying to get a person to act a certain way) superego operates on reality principle by mediating impulsive demands of id, restraining demands of super ego, and real life demands of external world ego the ego is the _____ self the ego uses three defense mechanisms 1. denial 2. projection 3. rationalization Freud believed that personality is affected by how a child deals with changes in the focus of the _____ on different parts of the body as the child gets older id Psychosexual development stages 1. oral 2. anal 3. phallic 4. latency 4. genital oral 0-18 months anal 18 months-3 years phallic 3-6 years old latency 6-puberty genital puberty latency definiton exploring the environment and developing skills The Oedipus Complex 1. the child seeks external object for his erotic urges 2. the external object is mom 3. dad is in the way 4. fear of dad castrating him 5. throws in the towel- renounces mom and identifies with dad The Electra complex 1. female decides mom castrated her(penis envy) 2. hates mom and loves dad 3. throws in the towel- renounces dad and identifies with mom fixation.... at a stage can affect personality later in life criticisms of psychodynamic theory 1. based on what he observed with adults not children 2. terms are ambiguous 3. offers after the fact explanations 4. sexual conflicts from childhood are not the only cause of personality positive aspects of psychodynamic theory 1. emphasis on internal conflict 2. discussion of sex led to the scientific study of sexuality 3. scope of theoretical contribution humanistic theory adapt, learn, grow, and excel is there emphasis on childhood in humanistic? no does humanistic theory like freud? no humanistic theory deals with ________ ________ self actualization criticism of humanistic theory 1. concepts are unclear 2. neglect of person's past 3. neglect of environmental variables 4. inability to predict behavior 5. little to say about individual differences personality assessment techniques objective personality tests, behavior observation, interviews, and projective measures initials of personality test MMPI projective measures(2 types) TAT and Rorschach test TAT show someone a picture and they have to tell a story about it Rorschach test inkblots using whole ink blot indicates integrative thinking using color indicates emotionality and impulsiveness using movement indicates imagination and a richer inner life true of false-- personality tests have high predictive values false