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aftershock An earthquake that occurs after a larger earthquake in the same area. Continental Drift The hypothesis that continents moved slowly to their current locations. Convection Current Cycle of heating, rising, cooling, sinking that makes plates move. convergent boundaries Area where two plates move towards each other. divergent boundaries Area where two plates move away from each other. earthquake The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface. epicenter The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. fault A break in the Earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other. inner core solid, dense, mostly iron and some nickel lithosphere ocean crust, continental crust, rigid upper mantle mantle layer of molten rock that makes up most of the interior of the Earth outer core liquid, mostly iron Pangaea Single large land mass made up of all continents connected that broke apart 200 million years ago. Plate Tectonics Theory that crust and upper mantle move on around on the upper mantle. plates Sections of Earth's lithosphere that is composed of the crust and upper mantle. Richter Scale A scale that rates the seismic waves as measured by a particular type of mechanical seismograph. seismograph A machine used to record earthquake events. Seismologist A scientist that studies earthquakes. transform boundaries Area where two plates are moving past each other. Tsunami Large waves that are formed when water is displaced by earthquakes.