LSAT
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Created by:
chelsearand on November 30, 2011
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Evidence | because, since, for, from the fact that, after all, it is clear from |
| Conclusion | Therefore, Thus, It is clear, It follows that, That is why, So, Consequently, Obviously, Hence, As a result, This proves that, studies suggest, This Shows, Clearly |
| FL: Sufficient | The only, All, Incapable, If, Any, Every, Whenever, Each |
| FL: Necessity | Requires, Guarantees, Must, Necessary, Bound to lead to, Are destined to, Only (if), Results in, Produces, Sure to, Then, Always, Unless |
| FL: Mutually Exclusive | No, Incapable, Impossible, Cannot, None, Neither...nor, Never |
| Contrast | But, Despite, Yet, Although, However, While, Even so, Nevertheless, Whereas, On the other hand, Conversely, Instead |
| Emphasis | Remarkable, more/most important, Compelling, Substantial, Even more than |
| Opinion | Believed by, Thought to be, Asserts, Some maintain, argues that, According to, As X sees it, The astronomers assumed |
| Continuation | ; in addition, Also, as well, similarly, likewise |
| Illustration | : In contrast to, For Example |
| Temporal | Since, Until recently, Recent Developments, In the past, Historically, Traditionally |
| Numerical | Three possible explanations, there are two reasons for this, Abrams describes a fourfold structure |
| Evidence | Because, since, This is clear from |
| Conclusion | thus, Clearly, As a result, and so |
| Negative Point of View | Doubtful, Unconvincing, Unlikely, Danger, Harmful |
| Positive Point of View | Cogent, Compelling, Promising |
| Uncertainty/ Qualification | Seems, Appears, Mysterious |
| Flawed Arguments (1) | Representativeness: Surveys/Studies-- ask if the data is truly representative of the conclusion drawn (it usually will not be) |
| Flawed Arguments (2) | Absolute Numbers versus Percents |
| Flawed Arguments (3) | Scope Shift between evidence and conclusion |
| Flawed Arguments (4) | Necessity versus Sufficiency |
| Flawed Arguments (5) | Failure to consider alternative explanations/sources |
| Flawed Arguments (6) | Failure to consider alternative explanations/sources |
| Flawed Arguments (7) | Possibility versus Certainty |
| Flawed Arguments (8) | One member of a group versus All members |
| Flawed Arguments (9) | Individual members of a group versus the group as a whole |
| Flawed Arguments (10) | Lack of evidence as evidence against |
| Flawed Arguments (11) | Inappropriate Analogy |
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