MWH Chapter 11
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Created by:
mackenzie_tylka on November 30, 2011
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Estates | another term for "classes" of people [the clergy (first estate), nobles (second estate), townspeople & peasants (third estate)] |
| ancient regime | old order; system of government in pre-revolution France |
| Bourgeoisie | the social class between the lower and upper classes |
| tithe | pay a tenth of one's income, especially to the church |
| Bastille | The political prison and armory stormed on July 14, 1789, by Partisian city workers alarmed by the king's concentration of troops at Versailles |
| Estates-General | The French national assembly summoned in 1789 to remedy the financial crisis and correct abuses of the ancien regime. |
| Tennis Court Oath | Declaration mainly by members of the Third Estate not to disband until they had drafted a constitution for France (June 20, 1789). |
| Marie Antoinette | daughter of the empress of Austria, married to Louis XVI at age 15, accused of lavish spending that added to the national debt |
| Louis XVI | king of France from 1774 to 1792 |
| Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen | Adopted during the liberal phase of the French Revolution (1789); stated the fundamental equality of all French citizens; later became a political source for other liberal movements. |
| Civil Constitution of the Clergy | A document, issued by the National Assembly in July 1790, that broke ties with the Catholic Church and established a national church system in France with a process for the election of regional bishops. The document angered the pope and church officials and turned many French Catholics against the revolutionaries. |
| Constitution of 1791 | Said that all 3 estates have equal power in government, National Assembly becomes Legasliative Assembly, absolute monarchy is abolished, forcing the king to obey |
| Émigrés | French nobility who fled country to escape the Revolution |
| Jacobins | Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793 to 1794. |
| Danton | French revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris bastille and who supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794) |
| Valmy | the French defeated the Austrian and Prussian troops in 1792 (with a famous cannonade from the French artillery) |
| National Convention | September 1792, Jacobin leaders, ordered that French Generals should dissolve the old governments, confiscate gov't and church property, abolish titles, hunting rights and seigneurial dues, and set up provisional administrations |
| Constitution of 1792 | written by national convention; abolished monarchy in the late 18th century |
| Robespierre | A French political leader of the eighteenth century. A Jacobin, he was one of the most radical leaders of the French Revolution. He was in charge of the government during the Reign of Terror, when thousands of persons were executed without trial. After a public reaction against his extreme policies, he was executed without trial. |
| Marat | French revolutionary leader (born in Switzerland) who was a leader in overthrowing the Girondists and was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday (1743-1793) |
| coup d'état | (French) a sudden, powerful political stroke, esp. the forcible overthrow of government. |
| Girondists | a member of the moderate republican party during the French Revolution |
| The Plain | moderates in the Convention, maintaining public order, the Girondins |
| The Mountain | Most Radical political faction in the Convention. Became fierce critics of the Girondins. The Mountain & Jacobins will eventually become synonymous. Claimed to represent the aims of the Sans-culottes. |
| Committee of Public Safety | The leaders under Robespierre who organized the defenses of France, conducted foreign policy, and centralized authority during the period 1792-1795. |
| The Terror | the period, from mid-1793 to mid-1794, when Maximilien Robespierre France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed |
| The Directory | Established after the Reign of Terror / National Convention; a five man group as the executive branch of the country; incompetent and corrupt, only lasted for 4 years. |
| conscription | compulsory military service |
| sans-culottes | in the French Revolution, a radical group made up of Parisian wage-earners, and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end of food shortages |
| consulate | Form of government which followed the directory -established by Napoleon-ended when Napoleon was crowned emperor. |
| lycées | government run public schools set up by Napoleon to creat a more equal chance at education. However this didnt really allow the poorer children to get a better education because they oftern had to stay home and work. |
| plebiscite | a vote by the electorate determining public opinion on a question of national importance |
| Napoleonic Code | This was the civil code put out by Napoleon that granted equality of all male citizens before the law and granted absolute security of wealth and private property. Napoleon also secured this by creating the Bank of France which loyally served the interests of both the state and the financial oligarchy |
| Concordat of 1801 | This is the agreement between Pope Pius VII and Napoleon that healed the religious division in France by giving the French Catholics free practice of their religion and Napoleon political power |
| Trafalgar | (October 1805) Britain's Admiral Nelson destroyed the combined French and Spanish navies. Nelson was killed but invasion of Britain now became impossible. |
| Federation of the Rhine | German states unified under Napoleon |
| nationalism | the aspiration for national independence felt by people under foreign domination |
| continental system | Napoleon's efforts to block foreign trade with England by forbidding Importation of British goods Into Europe. |
| Waterloo | the battle on 18 June 1815 in which Napoleon met his final defeat |
| Congress of Vienna | Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon |
| Metternich | Austrian statesman (1773-1859) |
| buffer state | a small neutral state between two rival powers |
| reactionaries | an extreme conservative |
| liberals | group that favors change and allows for the expansion of government |
| Quadruple Alliance | This was the alliance between Great Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia after the Napoleonic era |
| Holy Alliance | a league of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria, and Prussia after the congress of Vienna |
| Metternich system | sought to eliminate any constitutional or nationalist sentiments that had arisen during the Napoleonic period through espionage, censorship, and repression |
| Carlsbad Decrees | 1819, it discouraged liberal teachings in southern Germany. Censorship imposed by Metternich. |
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