Art History One, Chapters 6 and 7 terms and images
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141 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Emperor Xuan and AttendantsTang Dynasty YAN LIBEN |  |
| Sixth Chan Patriarch Chopping Bamboo Song Dynasty LIANG KAI ("chan" enlightenment through meditation and self) |  |
| trefoils | a cloverlike ornament or symbol with stylized leaves in groups of three |
| boss | a circular knobb |
| yoga | a method for controlling the body and relaxing the mind used in later indian religions to yoke, or unite, the practitioner to the divine |
| sanskrit | an ancient Indic language of India, in which the hindu scriptures and classical Indian epic poems are written and from which many northern indian languages are derived |
| vedas | sanscrit, "knowledge" (sing. = one of) four second millenium bce south asian compilations of religious learning |
| upanishads | south asian religious texts of ca. 800-500 bce that introduced the concepts of samsara, karma, and moksha |
| samsara | in hindu belief, the rebirth of soul into a succession of lives |
| karma | in vedic religions, the ethical consequences of a person's life, which determine his or her fate |
| moksha/nirvana | in buddhism and hinduism- a blissful state brought about by absorpton of the individual soul or consciousness into the supreme spirit |
| asceticism | self-discipline and self-denial |
| chakra | the buddha's wheel, set in motion at sarnath |
| dharma | in buddhism, moral law based on the buddha's teaching |
| bodhisattvas | in buddhist thought- a potential buddha who chooses not to achieve enlightenment in order to help save humanity |
| urna | a whorl of hair, represented as a dot, between the brows; one of the lakshanas of the buddha |
| ushnisha | a knot of hair on the top of the head; on eof the lakshanas of th buddha |
| mudras | in buddhist and hindu ionography- a stylized and symbolic hand gesture |
| parinirvana | image of the reclining buddha, a position often interpreted as representing his death |
| chakravartin | in south asia, the ideal king, the universal lord who ruled through goodness |
| viharas | buddhist monasteries, often cut into a hill |
| stupas | a large, mound-shaped buddhist shrine |
| chaitya halls | south-asian rock-cut temple halls with a votive stupa at one end |
| reliquaries | containers for holding relics |
| circumambulation | in buddhist worship, walking around the stupa in a clockwise direction, a process intended to bring the worshiper into harmony with the cosmos |
| mandalas | sanskrit term for the sacred diagram of the universe; japanese, mandara. |
| toranas | gateway in the stone fence around a stupa, located at the cardinal points of the compass |
| harmika | in buddhist architecture- a stone fence or railing that encloses an area surmounting the dome of a stupa that represnts one of the budhist heavens; from the center arises the yasti |
| yasti | in buddhist architecture- the mast or pole that arises from the dome of the stupa and its harmika and symbolizes the axis of the universe; it is adorned with a series of chatras (stone disks) |
| chatras | stone disks |
| jatakas (sutra) | tales of the past lives of the buddha (an account of a sermon by or a dialogue involving the buddha. a scriptural account of the buddha) |
| yakshis (yakshas) | lesser local male (female) buddhist and hindu divinities. yakshi-female- associated with fertility and vegetation yaksha-male- represented as fleshy but powerfull males |
| ambulatory | (in buddhist architecture) the passageway leading around the stupa in a chaitya hall |
| mithunas | in south asian art, a male-female couple embracing or engaged in sexual intercourse |
| rathas | small, freestanding hindu temple carved from a huge boulder |
| garbha griha | hindu, "womb chamber" in hindu temples, the cella, the holy inner sanctum, for the cult image or symbol |
| shikhara | the beehive-shaped tower of a northern-style hindu temple |
| amalaka | in hindu temple design, the large flat disk with ribbed edges surmounting the beehive-shaped tower |
| mandapas | pillared hall of a hindu temple |
| vimanas | a pyramidal tower over the garbha griha of a hindu temple o the southern or dravida, style |
| wats | buddhist monasteries in cambodia |
| shiva (hindu gods and goddesses) | active role = creative force depicted as lingham as an abstract reference to his creative and reproductive abilities destructive force in his fierce aspect depicted with piles of hair (think dreds) on head, and a 3rd eye on his forehead, & a trident |
| nandi (hindu gods and goddesses) | bull belonging to shiva gate keeper of shiva and parvati |
| vishnu (hindu gods and goddesses) | preserver of the universe many forms: boar, fish, tortoise, lion, & krishna could be on a flating serpent (cosmic waters) appears to restore the balance in the world married to lakshmi |
| krishna (hindu gods and goddesses) | the "cowherd of brindabad"- blue skin and symbolic of love/earthly diety |
| devi (hindu gods and goddesses) | serves as yoni or feminine creative force multiple aspects (parvati, uma, durga, and kali[-the destructive aspect with necklace of skulls, goddess of death]) |
| parvati (hindu gods and goddesses) | consort of shiva aspect of devi |
| uma (hindu gods and goddesses) | divine aspect of devi the "great mother" |
| lakshmi (hindu gods and goddesses) | wife of vishnu |
| radha (hindu gods and goddesses) | reincarnation of lakshmi(?) |
| durga (hindu gods and goddesses) | active aspect of devi warrioress, rides a tiger or lion |
| ganesha (hindu gods and goddesses) | "remover of obstacles"- the son of parvati and shiva head of an elephant hugely popular among modern hindu as a god of good luck and prosperity pot belly shows prosperity and good health, a protector |
| brahma (hindu gods and goddesses) | all dieties are seen as an aspect of brahma "world soul" and creator depicted w/ 4 heads and faces, all knowing creator yet born of vishnu (restorer of universal order) |
| characters | in chinese writing, signs that record spoken words |
| earthenware | pottery made of clay that is fired at low temperatures and is slightly porous. can also be figurines and statuetes produced in the same way |
| stoneware | pottery fired at high temperatures to produce a stonelike hardness and density |
| lacquer | a varnishlike substance made from the sap of the asiatic sumac tree used to decorate wood and other organic materials, colored with mineral pigments and cures to a great hardness to have a lustrous surface |
| bi | in ancient chna, jade disks carved as ritual objects for burial with the dead. often decorated with with piercings that extended entirely through the object as well as with suface carvings |
| daoism | philosophical system developed by lao-zi advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events a religion in which the goal is to come into harmony with dao dao= underlying principle in nature of which humans were manifested on |
| confucianism | system of ethics concerned with human relations and consequences of human actions a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by confucius and developed by mencius |
| beams | a horizontal structural member that carries the load of the superstructure of a building, a timber lintel |
| struts | a timber plank or other structural member used as a support in a building also a short section of marble used to support an arm or leg in a statue |
| purlins | horizontal beams in a roof structure, parallel to the ridgepoles, resting on the main rafters and giving support ot the secondary rafters |
| rafters | the sloping supporting timber planks that run from the ridgepole of a roof to its edge |
| bays | the space between two columns, or one unit in the nave arcade of a church; also the passageway in an arcuated gate |
| hanging scrolls | in asian art, a vertical scroll hung on a wall with pictures mounted or painted directly on it |
| handscrolls | in asian art, a horizontal painted scroll that is unrolled right to left, section by section, and often used to present illustrated religious texts or landscapes |
| album leaves | paintings on a single sheet of paper for a collection stored in an album |
| fans | (hand-held fan) an implement used to induce an airflow for the purpose of cooling or refreshing oneself any broad, flat surface waved back-and-forth will create a small airflow and therefore can be considered a rudimentary fan generally shaped like a sector of a circle and made of a thin material mounted on slats which revolve around a pivot so that it can be closed when not in use. |
| sutra | in buddhism, an account of a sermon by or a dialogue involving the buddha a scriptural account of he buddha |
| mandorla | in buddhist japan- a lotus-petal shaped numbus surrounding a sacred figure |
| lalitasana pose | in buddhist iconography, the body pose with one leg folded and the other hanging down, indicating relaxation |
| porcelain | extremely fine, hard, white ceramic made from a fine white clay called kaolin mixed with ground petuntse, a type of feldspar true porcelain is translucent and rings when struck |
| sgraffito | a chinese ceramic technique in which the design is incised through a colored slip |
| pagoda | an east asian tower, usually associated with a buddhist temple, having a multiplicity of winged eaves thougt to be derived from the indian stupa |
| Robed Male Figure Indus Civilization (trefoils) |  |
| Nude Male Torso Indus Civilization |  |
| Seal with Seated Figure in Yogic Posture Indus Civilization |  |
| Ashokan pillar Mauryan Dynasty |  |
| Lion Capital Shunga, Andhra and Kushan Dynasties (Ashokan pillar) |  |
| Great Stupa Shunga, Andhra and Kushan Dynasties (Buddhist) |  |
| Toranas at Sanchi Buddhism |  |
| Yakshi Shunga, Andhra, and Kushan Dynasties (from the Great Stupa) |  |
| Interior of the Chaitya Hall Shunga, Andhra, and Kushan Dynasties (Buddhist) |  |
| Bodhisattva Padmapani Gupta and Post-Gupta |  |
| Meditating Buddha Shunga, Andhra and Kushan Dynasties |  |
| Seated Buddha preaching first sermon Gupta, Post-Gupta |  |
| Boar Avatar of Vishnu Rescuing the Earth Gupta and Post-Gupta |  |
| Vishnu Temple (looking North) Gupta and Post-Gupta |  |
| Rock-cut Rathas Medieval (rathas) |  |
| Shiva as Nataraja Medieval |  |
| Aerial view of Borobudur Indonesia, Medieval (Buddhist) |  |
| Aerial view of Angkor Wat Cambodia Medieval (Vishnu for king) |  |
| Yangshao Culture vases Neolithic and Shang Dynasty (earthenware) |  |
| Guang Neolithic and Shang Dynasty (bronze-casting) |  |
| Standing Male Figure Neolithic and Shang Dynasty |  |
| Bi disk Zhou Dynasty |  |
| Army of the First Emperor of Qin Qin Dynasty |  |
| Funeral Banner Han Dynasty |  |
| Shakyamuni Buddha Zhou Dynasty/Age of Disunity |  |
| Vairocana Buddha with Disciples and Bodhisattvas Tang Dynasty |  |
| Foguang Si Pagoda Tang Dynasty (Buddhist) |  |
| Neighing Horse Tang Dynasty (earthenware) |  |
| Travelers among Mountains and Streams Song Dynasty FAN KUAN (Taoist) |  |
| On a Mountain Path in Spring Song Dynasty MA YUAN |  |
| Indus Civilization (Chapter Six- South and Southeast Asia subcategory) | 2600 - 1500 BCE |
| Maurya Dynasty (Chapter Six- South and Southeast Asia subcategory) | 323 - 186 BCE |
| Shunga, Andhra, and Kushan Dynasties (Chapter Six- South and Southeast Asia subcategory) | c. 185 BCE - 320 CE |
| Gupta and Post-Gupta Periods (Chapter Six- South and Southeast Asia subcategory) | c. 320 - 647 CE |
| Medieval Period (Chapter Six- South and Southeast Asia subcategory) | 7th to 12th Centuries |
| Shang Dynasty (Chapter Seven- China and Korea subcategory) | c. 1600 - 1050 BCE |
| Zhou and Qin Dynasties (Chapter Seven- China and Korea subcategory) | c. 1050 - 206 |
| Han Dynasty and Period of Disunity (Chapter Seven- China and Korea subcategory) | 206 BCE - 581 CE |
| Tang Dynasty (Chapter Seven- China and Korea subcategory) | 618 - 907 |
| Song Dynasty (Chapter Seven- China and Korea subcategory) | 960 - 1279 |
| Great Bath Indus Civilization | ... |
| The Life and Death of Buddha Shunga, Andhra, and Kushan Dynasties | ... |
| Buddha Seated on Lion Throne Shunga, Andhra and Kushan Dynasties (yaksha) | ... |
| Interior of Cave 19 Gupta and Post-Gupta (Buddhist/Hindu) | ... |
| Dancing Shiva Gupta and Post-Gupta | ... |
| Vishnu Asleep on the Serpent Ananta Gupta and Post-Gupta | ... |
| Rajarajeshvara Temple Medieval (Southern) | ... |
| Vishvanatha Temple Medieval (Northern) | ... |
| Mithuna Reliefs (detail of Vishvanatha Temple) Medieval | ... |
| Death of the Buddha (Parinirvana) Sri Lanka Medieval | ... |
| Harihara Cambodia Medieval (Shiva/Vishnu) | ... |
| Vishnu Lying on the Cosmic Ocean Cambodia Medieval | ... |
| King Suryavarman Holding Court Cambodia Medieval (Angkor Wat glorifying Vishnu) | ... |
| Towers of the Bayon Cambodia Medieval (king embraces Buddhism) | ... |
| The Archer Yi and a Reception in a Mansion Han Dynasty and Period of Disunity (attempt to assassin emporer of Qin) | ... |
| Model of a House Han Dynasty and Period of Disunity | ... |
| Lady Feng and the Bear Han Dynasty and Period of Disunity GU KAIZHI (hand scroll) | ... |
| Shakyamuni and Prabhutatatna Han Dynasty and Period of Disunity (meeting of two Buddhas, mandorla/lalitasana) | ... |
| Paradise of Amitabha Tang Dynasty (Buddhist) | ... |
| Palace Ladies Tang Dynasty (tomb of Princess Yongtai) | ... |
| Auspicious Cranes Song Dynasty EMPEROR HUIZONG (handscroll) | ... |
| Meiping Vase Song Dynasty (meiping/sgraffito) | ... |
| Lohans Giving Alms to Beggars Song Dynasty ZHOU JICHANG (handscroll) | ... |
| Crown from north mound of tomb 98 Korean | ... |
| Shakyamuni Buddha Korean (rotanda of cave) | ... |
| Maebyong Vase Korea (meiping/roundels) | ... |
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