| Term | Definition |
|---|
| urbanization | the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban |
| urban morphology | the study of the physical form and structure of urban places |
| Urban hearth area | An area, like Mesopotamia or the Nile River Valley where large cities first existed. |
| Borchert model | Four different epochs that cause a large amount of industrial development, they were Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830), Iron Horse Epoch (1830-1870), characterized by impact of steam engine technology, and development of steamboats and regional railroad networks. Steel Rail Epoch (1870-1920), dominated by the development of long haul railroads and a national railroad network. Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920- |
| urban hierarchy | a ranking of settlements according to their size and economic functions |
| colonial city | City established by colonizing empires as administrative centers. Often they were established on already existing native cities, completely overtaking their infrastructures. |
| urban banana | Arch of the dominant overland, trade-based cities stretching from London to Tokyo in the 1500s before the rise of sea-based trade and exploration. |
| Shock city | Urban place experiencing infrastructural challenges related to massive and rapid urbanization. |
| industrial city | Cities that were developed hugely as an effect of the Industrial Revolution |
| Rank size rule | A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the 11th largest settlement is Un the population of the largest settlement. |
| Primate city | a city that ranks first in a nation in terms of population and economy |
| Central place theory | A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther. |
| Central place | A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area. |
| Hinterland | The economic influence of a town or city |
| Threshold | The min. amoount of people needed to support the service |
| Range ( of goods or service) | The max amount of distance people will travel for a good or service |
| World cities | most important centers of economic power and wealth |
| Mega cities | A city with a population of greater than 10 million , |
| Metropolitan statistical area | area with a city of 50 thousand or more people, together with adjacent urban communities that have strong ties to the central city. |
| megapolis | a huge urban region formed when two or more metropolitan areas grow together |
| Micropolitan statistical area | an urbanized area of between 10,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the country in which it is found, and adjacent countries tied to the city |
| Functional zonation | division of a city into different regions or zones for certain purposes or functions |
| Central buisness district | The nucleus or "downtown" of a city, where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated, mass transit systems converge, and land values and building densities are high. |
| Central city | the urban area that is not suburban; generally, the older or original city that is surrounded by newer suburbs |
| Suburb | a subsidary urban area surrounding and connected to the central city |
| Burgess concentric zone model | A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings |
| succession migration | When one person of a family migrates, then proceeds to bring the rest of the family or village along after they have been established |
| zone in transition | an area of mixed commercial and residential land uses surrounding the CBD |
| Peak land value intersection | the region within a settlement with the greatest land value and commerce. As such, it is usually located in the central business district of a town or city, and has the greatest density of transport links such as roads and rail. |
| Bid rent curve | a geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases. It states that different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city centre. |
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