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excretion, elimination, regulation of water balance and ph What are the three funcitons of the urinary system? excretion The filtering/removal of waste from the blood. elimination The removal of waste from the body. kidneys Organs that filter blood and remove waste from the body. ureters, urinary bladder, urethra What three structures make up the urinary tract? ureters Tubes extending from the kidneys to the urinary bladder allowing for the transport of urine. urinary bladder Muscular sac designed for the collection and storage of urine. urethra Tube through which urine exits the body. urination The process of eliminating urine. micturition Another word for urination (the process of eliminating urine). renal cortex Outer part of the kidney renal medulla Inner part of the kidney renal pyramids Structures in the kidney that contain nephrons minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis The urine collecting system in the kidneys consists of these three structures. minor calyx Urine from the renal pyramids empty into this collecting area. major calyx Urine from the minor calices empty into this collecting area. renal pelvis Urine from the major calices empty into this collecting area. nephrons Microscopic filters that remove wastes from the blood to produce urine. glomerulus Collection of capillaries within the nephron where blood is filtered and waste is pushed out. bowman's capsule Surrounds the glomerulus catching waste that is filtered out of the blood. proximal convoluted tubule Waste from Bowman's capsule enters into this. loop of henle This structure connects the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. collecting duct Waste from the distal convoluted tubules collect here and travel through the renal pyramid to the calices. glomerulus, bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, renal pyramid, minor calices, major calices, renal pelvis, ureters Starting with the glomerulus, in what order does waste exit the kidney? renal artery, segmental arteries, interlobular arteries, arcuate arteries, cortical-radiate arteries, afferent arteries In what order does blood flow into the kidney to the nephron? peritubular capillaries, cortical-radiate veins, arcuate veins, interlobular veins, segmental veins, renal veins In what order does blood flow away from the nephron and out of the kidney? glomerular filtration Process of filtering blood in the nephron. tubular reabsorption Process where, as filtered fluid moves along nephron, useful substances are reabsorbed and returned to blood urine Whatever substances are not reabsorbed become _________. proteins Everything in plasma is filtered except __________. water, nutrients, wastes What three substances are filtered in the nephron? net filtration pressure Glomerular filtration is governed by ___________. blood pressure Net filtration is most importantly determined by which type of pressure? high When you have a _______ filtration pressure, nephron pushes out items that shouldn't be filtered like proteins. low When you have a ________ filtration pressure, the nephron does not filter out waste. proximal convoluted tubule Major area of reabsorption in the nephron. water, nutrients The proximal convoluted tubule mostly absorbs ________ and _______. calcium The distal convoluted tubule is a major area of reabsorption for this mineral. 100 The proximal convoluted tubule absorbs _________ percent of glucose. glucose The proximal convoluted tubule absorbs 100% of this nutrient. 1200 A healthy adult produces ______mL of urine per day. pale, deep yellow The color of urine is _______ to ________. clear The transparency of urine should be _________. slightly aromatic Urine should smell ____________ when fresh. slightly acidic The pH of urine should be ____________. specific gravity The density of urine is otherwise known as _________. 1.001, 1.035 The specific gravity of urine should be _______ to _______. no Urine should have _________ bacterial content. 30 The ureters force urine toward bladder every _____ seconds. mucosa Lines the urinary bladder and has rugae that disappear as the bladder fills. detrusor muscle Muscle in the bladder that expands as urine enters and contracts to push urine out. trigone Part of bladder where the ureters and neck of bladder meet. external urethral sphincter Circular band of skeletal muscle that controls the flow of urine out of the urethra; we voluntarily relax this to allow urine to flow out micturition reflex When the bladder fills, it stimulates this reflex to empty the bladder. 500 When the bladder fills to _______ mL, it triggers the micturition reflex. stretch receptors __________ in the urinary bladder stimulate contraction of detrusor muscle to push urine out. detrusor muscle Stretch receptors in urinary bladder stimulate contraction of _________ to push urine out.