| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Materials that make up sediments | Rock fragments, plants and animals, and mineral grains. |
| Compaction | Weight of overlying layers press sediments together to form solid rock. |
| Cementation | Dissolved minerals in solution are left behind to form cement. |
| Evaporation | When water evaporates, dissolved minerals are left behind. |
| Precipitation | Minerals fall out of solution when saturated. |
| Clastic | Made of broken fragments of pre-existing rocks and minerals. |
| Organic | Formed from once living things. |
| Chemical | Minerals are precipitated or evaporated. |
| Bedding/Layers | Sediments deposit in layers, and become compacted and cemented to form solid rock. |
| Law of Superstition | The oldest sediemtns and sedimatnary rock layers are on the bottom newer (youngest) deposits are on the top. |
| Graded Bedding | Form, in water. Sediments increase in size from top to bottom. Heavier larger sediments deposit first. |
| Sediment Sorting | When transported horizonally, larger and heavier particles are deposited first as the speed (Current) of the river slows. |
| Fossils | By looding at fossils we know what type of life once lived in the area and that can help scientists determine the ancient climate of the area. |
| Ripple Marks | Forms in shallows, slow moving water (typically near oceans and lakes). |
| Muu Cracks | Preserved when sediments fill in cracks (Usually in clay). |
| Rain Deop Impressions | Dimples and craters in rock (formed by heavy rain in clay). |
| Geodes | Spheres of silica rock in limestone, typically filled with quartz crystals. |
| Four ways sedimentary rocks can form | Compaction, cementation, evaporation, and precipitation. |
| Clastic Examples | Conglomerate, Breccia, Sandstone, and Shale. |
| Chemcial, Precipitation, Evaporation Examples | Chemcial limestone, rocks salt, rock gypsum, and chert/flint. |
| Organic Examples | Fossil limestone, coquinam, and bituminous coal. |
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