1.
4 types of Glial cells which take care of the neuron: Oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, Astrocytes, and Microglia
2.
An anatomical dichotomy of the nervous system would include the subcategories of: -Central Nervous System
-Peripheral Nervous System
3.
An functional dichotomy of the nervous system would include the subcategories of: -Autonomic Nervous System
-Somatic Nervous System
4.
Astrocytes: star-shaped glial cells that supply nutrients to neurons and suspends and separates them from one another. Forms the blood/brain barrier that filters toxins passing from the Cerebral Vascular System to the neurons.
5.
Autonomic Nervous System: the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions of the visceral muscles
6.
Axoaxonic synapse: the axon of the presynaptic neuron synapses with the axon of another neuron
7.
Axodendritic synapse: the axon of the presynaptic neuron synapses with the dendrite of another neuron
8.
Axonal Hillock: Junction of Soma and Axon
9.
Axons: the process of a neuron that conducts information away from the soma
10.
Axosomatic synapse: the axon of the presynaptic neuron synapses with the soma of another neuron
11.
Central Nervous System: Consists of Brain (Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Sub-cortical Structures inside Cerebellum), Brainstem, and Spinal Cord. All protected in skull and vertebral column.
12.
Dendrites: the process of a neuron that transmits information to the cell body (Soma)
13.
Dendrodendritic synapse: the dendrite of a neuron synapses with the dendrite of another neuron
14.
End buttons: where the telodendria branch ends in a synaptic knob, a little swelling that forms a junction (synapse) with the next cell. It contains synaptic vesicles full of neurotransmitters.
15.
Extrapyramidal: Branch of Somatic Nervous System- Indirect System responsible for controlling tone and movement to support primary movements
16.
Interneurons: largest class of neurons in the brain. provide communication between other neurons, does not exit the CNS
17.
Microglia: glial cells that perform the housekeeping process of phagocytosis
18.
Mitochondria: Develops energy and protein to aid in sending messages across synapses.
19.
Motor neuron: Efferent -Transmits messages from brain to body
20.
Myelin Sheath: fatty sheath surrounding axons that conduct impulses (at a much greater rate than axons without myelin)
21.
Neuron: The type of cell that is the functional building block of the nervous system is the
22.
Neurotransmitters: Released from presynaptic neurons to signal postsynaptic neurons to watch for a message
23.
Nodes of Ranvier: Junction of axons where nerve processes are exposed (no myelin sheath). Serve as jumping place to increase velocity of nerve impulses.
24.
Oligodendrocyte: Glial cells that make up the myelin on the neurons of the CNS
25.
Parasympathetic System: Branch of Autonomic Nervous System that helps conserve energy (turns muscles to jelly after Fight or Flight).
26.
Peripheral Nervous System: Includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves and Sensory Receptors. Lies outside the skull and vertebral column.
27.
Phagocytosis: Process of cleaning up damaged tissue formed by a lesion in the nervous system
28.
Postsynaptic neuron: the neuron receiving input
29.
Presynaptic neuron: the neuron sending information
30.
Pyramidal: Branch of Somatic Nervous System which initiates voluntary motor acts
31.
Schwann cells: Glial cells that make up the myelin on the neurons of the PNS
32.
Sensory neuron: Afferent - Transmits messages from body to brain
33.
Soma: the cell body of a neuron
34.
Somatic Nervous System: regulates body movement through control of skeletal (voluntary) muscles
35.
Somatosomatic synapse: the soma of a neuron synapses with the soma of another neuron
36.
Sympathetic System: Branch of Autonomic Nervous System that triggers Fight or Flight response.
37.
Synapse: The junction between two communicating neurons
38.
Synaptic cleft: the region between two communicating neurons into which neurotransmitter is released
39.
Telodendria: long thin projections where axon branches into its end point
