Earth Space Semester 1 Exam Quizlet
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 compression | strain that occurs when crustal rocks are squeezed together |
| tension | strain that occurs when crustal rocks are pulled apart |
| shearing | strain that occurs when crustal rocks are pushed and pulled in opposite horizontal directions |
| pahoehoe | lava that looks like rope when cooled |
| aa | jagged chunks of lava |
| pyroclastic materials | rock fragments ejected from a volcano |
| astronomy | study of the universe and beyond the earth |
| atmosphere | gases surrounding the earth |
| core | center of the earth |
| crust | outermost layer of the earth |
| geology | study of the origin, history, and structure of the earth |
| oceanography | study of the earth's oceans |
| chemical bonds | forces that hold atoms together in a compound |
| divergent boundary | plate boundary where the plates move away from each other |
| convergent boundary | plate boundary where the plates move toward each other |
| Panthalassa | name means "all seas" |
| Pangaea | name means "all lands" |
| mechanical weathering | breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces without changing the composition of the rocks |
| chemical weathering | breaking down of rocks by changing the chemical composition |
| rockslide | sudden movement of masses of loose rock and soil down the slope of a mountain |
| soil horizons | soil layers or zones |
| cavern | naturally formed underground chamber |
| delta | accumulation of sediment where a stream enters a lake or ocean |
| floodplain | flat valley floor |
| karst | landscapes formed from water that has dissolved underground |
| stream channel | course the water in a stream follows |
| tributary | stream that empties into another stream |
| well | hole bored into the zone of saturation for the purpose of extracting water |
| trough | U-shaped valleys |
| seismogram | time record of earthquake activity |
| focus | point within the earth where an earthquake starts |
| epicenter | location on the earth's surface directly about the focus |
| weather | atmospheric conditions over an area for a short period of time |
| climate | weather over an area for a long period of time |
| erosion | the process by which the products of weathering are transported |
| humus | dark, organic material found in fully developed soil |
| frost wedging | water seeps down into the cracks of rocks and freezes |
| aftershocks | series of small tremors that follow an earthquake |
| cinder cones | volcano with very steep, sloping sides |
| shield volcanoes | volcano with broad base and gentle, sloping sides |
| composite volcano | volcano formed from alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic materials |
| crater | funnel-shaped pit at the top of the a volcanic vent |
| Moho | Mohorovicic discontinuity |
| geyser | intermittent hot spring or fountain that shoots water in a column into the air |
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