Unit 11!
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sound wave | a longitudinal wave that is caused by vibrations and that travels through a material medium. |
| intensity | the rate at which energy flows through a given area of space. |
| loudness | to an extent to which a sound could be heard. |
| relative intensity of sound | Found by comparing the intensity of a sound with the intensity of the quietest sound a person can hear, the threshold of hearing. |
| decibel | the most common unit to measure loudness. |
| threshold of pain | A sound of 120 dB. |
| pitch | a measure of how high or low a sound is percieved to be depending on the frequency of the sound wave. |
| infrasound | slow vibrations of frequencies lower than 20Hz. |
| ultrasound | any sound wave with frequencies higher than 20000Hz |
| audible frequency range for humans | 20 Hz to about 20,000 Hz. |
| fundamental frequency | the lowest tone of a harmonic series. |
| resonance | a phenomenon that occurs when two objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency. |
| sonar | sound navigation and ranging, a system that uses acoustic signals to determine the location of objects or to communicate. |
| Sonogram | an image of a structure that is produced by ultrasonography (reflections of high-frequency sound waves) |
| Thomas Young's double-slit experiment | Thomas passed a beam of light through two narrow openings and then onto a screen on the other side. He found that the light produced a striped pattern on the screen. |
| Christian Huygens | Dutch physicist who first formulated the wave theory of light (1629-1695). |
| wave model of light | a model used to explain the behavior of light. |
| photons | a unit or quantum of light; particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero rest mass and carries a quantum of energy. |
| particle model of light | a model that represents light as a stream of fast moving tiny particles that travel in a straight line to the eye where they are absorbed to form an image. |
| dual nature of light | light has properties of both particles and waves. |
| intensity of light | the rate at which energy flows through a given area of space. |
| electromagnetiv spectrum | all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. |
| radio waves | electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies. |
| radar | radio detection and ranging, a system that uses reflective radio waves to determine the velocity and location of objects. |
| microwaves | Radio waves with the shortest wavelengths and the highest frequencies. |
| infrared light | electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves. |
| visible light | the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes all of the wavelengths that are visable to the human eye. |
| UV light | Invisible light that lies beyond violet. Has higher energy and shorter wavelengths than visible light does. |
| x-rays | electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than ultraviolet rays, but longer than gamma rays. |
| gamma rays | Electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies. |
| light ray | a line in space that matches the direction of the flow of radiant energy. |
| optics | the branch of physics that studies the physical properties of light. |
| diffuse reflection | Reflection that occurs when parallel rays of light hit a rough surface and all reflect at different angles. |
| angle of incidence | the angle between a ray that strikes a surface and the perpendicular to that surface at the point of contact. |
| angle of reflection | the angle formed by the line perpendicular to a surface and direction in which a reflected ray moves. |
| law of reflection | the law that states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. |
| plane or flat mirror | Mirrors that virtual images by reflection. |
| virtual image | an image that forms at a location from which light rays appear to come but do not actually come. |
| convex mirror | A mirror with a surface that curves outward. |
| concave mirror | A mirror with a surface that curves inward. |
| real image | an image of an object formed by light rays that actually come together at a specific location. |
| 3 primary colors of light | red, green, blue. |
| 3 secondary colors of light | yellow,cyan,and magenta. |
| equal combinations of the 3 primary colors of light | White. |
| equal combinations of the 3 secondary colors of light | black. |
| refraction of light | the bending of a light ray as it passes from one substance to another one with a diffrent density. |
| mirage | an optical illusion in which atmospheric refraction by a layer of hot air distorts or inverts reflections of distant objects. |
| fiber optics | the transmission of light signals via glass fibers. |
| converging lens | lens such that a beam of light passing through it is brought to a point or focus. |
| diverging lens | a lens such that a parallel beam of light passing through it is caused to diverge or spread out. |
| focal point | the point on the axis of a mirror or lens at which all incident parallel light rays converge or diverge. |
| prism | a system that consists of two or more plain surfaces of a transparent solid at an angle with each other. |
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