Unit 5- States of Consciousness
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Created by:
elle_study on December 1, 2011
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Consciousness | Our awareness of ourselves and our environment. |
| Circadian Rhythm | The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle. |
| REM Sleep | Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. |
| Alpha Waves | The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state. |
| Sleep | Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. |
| Hallucinations | False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus. |
| Delta Waves | The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. |
| NREM Sleep | Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep. |
| Insomnia | Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep. |
| Narcolepsy | A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times |
| Sleep Apnea | A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings. |
| Night Terrors | A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. |
| Dream | A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it. |
| Manifest Content | According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content). |
| Latent Content | According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). |
| REM Rebound | The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep). |
| Hypnosis | A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur. |
| Posthypnotic Suggestion | A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors. |
| Dissociation | A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. |
| Psychoactive Drug | A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood. |
| Tolerance | The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect. |
| Withdrawal | The discomfort and distress that follows discontinuing the use of an addictive drug. |
| Physical Dependence | A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. |
| Addiction | Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences. |
| Depressants | Drugs (such as alcohol, barbituaries, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. |
| Barbiturates | Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment. |
| Opiates | Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. |
| Stimulants | Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. |
| Amphetamines | Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes. |
| Methamphetamines | A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels. |
| Ecstasy (MDMA) | A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. |
| Hallucinogens | Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. |
| LSD | A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide). |
| Near-Death Experience | An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations. |
| THC | The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations. |
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