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anthropomorphism the representation of objects (especially a god) as having human form or traits reciprocity mutual exchange of commercial or other privileges sacrifice the act of killing (an animal or person) in order to propitiate a deity physical allegory Put forth by Theagenes in the later 6th Cent. BCE. Mythical accounts of battle among the gods represent conflicts among natural forces moral allegory the interpretation of myth as a system of advice on good and bad behavior, more highly developed the physical or historical allegory historical allegory they're using the stories to tell an event in history. examples: the Odyssey and the Aeneid are historical stories of the Trojan War Oedipus complex according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father castration anxiety In psychoanalysis, the fear in young boys that they will be mutilated genitally because of their lust for their mothers. phallus the penis decomposition When the family breaks up? succession crisis When the fathers are taken over by their sons, against their will. often castration is involved, and the crisis ended with Zeus.(Ouranos, Kronos, Zeus) Theogony Genealogy of the Gods, written by Hesiod feminine guile When women are tricksters and deceive their partners (Gaia,Rhea, Hera)