Unit 5: The Political Imprint (Chapters 14-17)
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deathlyhallows on December 2, 2011
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Political geography | the study of the political organization of the planet |
| Political culture | an overall set of values widely shared within a society |
| Nation | group of people who feel a belonging to a cultural community |
| Nation-state | territory in which nation and state occupy the same space |
| State | territory controlled by a government |
| Microstate | a state that encompasses a very small land area |
| Nationalism | the desire on behalf of a group that sees itself as a nation to achieve self-government through establishment or promotion of a nation state with genuine sovereignty |
| Sovereignty | a principle of international relations that holds that final authority over social, economic, and political matters should rest with the legitimate rulers of independent states |
| Boundary | vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below, and the airspace above the surface |
| Boundary definition | a treaty-like, legal-sounding document drawn up in which actual points in the landscape are described |
| Boundary delimitation | line on map |
| Boundary demarcation | the actual placing of a political boundary on the landscape by means of barriers, fences, walls, or other markers |
| Enclaves | countries surrounded or almost surrounded by another country |
| Exclaves | a bounded (nonisland) piece of territory that is part of a particular state but lies separated from it by the territory of another state |
| Geometric boundary | straight lines man created |
| Physical political boundary | rivers, mountains. natural |
| Cultural-political boundary | a boundary line established for cultural breaks such as religion or faith |
| Antecedent boundary | pre-existing boundry |
| Subsequent boundary | a boundary that developed with the evolution of the cultural landscape and is adjusted as the cultural landscape changes |
| Superimposed boundary | placed by outside force |
| Relict boundary | no longer there but still visible |
| Geopolitics | the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state |
| Organic theory | The view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include all stages of life |
| Heartland theory | hypothesis proposed by Halford Mackinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world |
| Rimland theory | Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest. |
| Centrifugal force | the outward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body |
| Centripetal force | the inward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body |
| Colonialism | attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory |
| Core area | the territorial nucleus from which a country grows in an area and over time, often containing the national capital and the main center of commerce, culture, and industry |
| Multicore area | a state that possesses more than one core or dominant region, be it economic, political or cultural |
| Federal state | a political-territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state where they have comment interest yet allow these various entities to retain their own identities |
| Unitary state | a nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state |
| Forward capital | capital city positioned in actually or potentially contested territory, usually near an international border; it confirms the state's determination to maintain its presence in the region in contention |
| Electoral geography | The study of the geographical elements of the organization and results of elections |
| Gerrymander | redistricting for advantage, or the practice of dividing areas into electoral districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting strength of the opposition in as few district as possible |
| Supranationalism | a venture involving 3 or more national states political economic or cultural cooperation to promote shared objectives |
| Law of the sea | law establishing states rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources |
| Truman proclamation | in sept. 1945, Harry Truman proclaimed that the US would regulate fisheries' activities in ares of the high seas adjacent to its coastline. and that the US jurisdiction over the continental shelf and its contents would be limited to the region within the 600 of the isobath |
| Median-line principle | is an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the mid-point between two places. |
| International sanctions | actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally |
| Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) | an oceanic zone extending up to 200 nautical miles from a shoreline, within which the coastal state can control fishing, mineral exploration, and additional activities by all other countries |
| Globalization | the worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas |
| Devolution | the effort to transfer responsibility for many public programs and services from the federal government to the states |
| New World Order | a description of the international system resulting from the collapse of the soviet union in which the balance of the nuclear terror theoretically no longer determined the destinies of states |
| Ethnonationalism | the identification and loyalty a person may feel for his or her nation |
| Gateway state | a state, by virtue of its border location between geopolitical power cores, that absorbs and assimilates cultures and traditions of its neighbors without being dominated by them |
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