T3 02 Major Depressive Disorder
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Mood | pervasive and sustained emotion that may have a major influence on a person's perception of the world. |
| Depression | an alteration in mood that is expressed by: 1) feelings of sadness, despair and pessimism 2) loss of interest in usual activities 3) somatic symptoms 4) changes in appetite and sleep pattern |
| depression in women vs men | much more common from age 10 to midlife, evening out btw 44 and 65, then going up again |
| risk factors | 1) low socio-economic class 2) non-white 3) single 4) season |
| seasonal affective disorder | typical in winter when there's low light levels/low UV |
| theories behind seasonal affective disorder | 1) drastic temp and barometric pressure changes 2) changes in social intercourse during certain seasons 3) seasonal changes in 5HT function |
| Types of depressive disorders | 1) major depressive disorder 2) dysthymic disorder 3) premstrual dysphoric Disorder 4) Mood disorder |
| MDD DSM IV A (mental) | 1) depressed mood 2) anhedonia 3) feelings or worthlessness/guilt 4) S/I |
| MDD DSM IV A (physical) | 1) weight loss 2) insomnia or hypersomnia 3) psychomotor agitation or retardation 4) fatigue/loss of energy 5) diminished ability to think or concentrate |
| MDD DSM IV B, D, C, E | B) never been a manic or hypomanic episode C) clinically significant distress or impairs IPRs D) not from drugs or a med condition E) not from bereavement or last longer than 2m |
| dysthymic disorder | 1) chronic low-level depression 2) persists at least 2y in adults 3) persists at least 1y in kids/adolescents |
| types of dysthymic disorders | 1) early onset (before 21) 2) late onset 21+ |
| dysthymic disorder symptoms | 1) poor appetite or overeating 2) insomnia or hypersomnia 3) low energy or fatigue 4) low self-esteem 5) poor concentration or difficulty making decisions 6) feelings of hopelessness |
| postpartum depression: symptoms | 1) depressed mood varying from day to day with more bad days than good 2) fatigue 3) irritability 4) loss of appetite 5) sleep disturbances 6) loss of libido 7) feels she can't care for the baby |
| postpartum depression: time sensitive | worse towards the evening |
| postpartum depression: cause | unclear 1) hormonal changes 2) tryptophan metabolism 3) alterations in membrane transport during early postpartum period 4) pre-disposed via genetics, upbringing, etc |
| postpartum depression: treatment | varies w severity 1) psychotic depression: antidepressant meds w psycho, group and family therapy 2) moderate: supportive psychotherapy and assistance w home management until symptoms subside |
| causes: physical | 1) genetics 2) neurotransmitters 3) hormones 4) brain tumors 5) electrolyte imbalances 6) Nutritional deficiencies |
| neurotransmitter differences in MDD | 1) decreased NE, 5HT and DA 2) imbalance btw Ach and biogenic amines |
| amines that are needed to avoid depression | tryptophan |
| hormone changes that cause depression | 1) cortisol (increased and decreased) 2) hyper and hypothyroid and parathyroidism 3) imbalance of estrogen and progesterone |
| dexamethasone suppression test | tests for somatically treatable depression by measuring cortisol levels |
| secondary depression | 1) from chronic diseases like alzheimer's, diabetes or HIV 2) substances/meds |
| secondary depression: substances and meds | 1) antihypertensives 2) alcohol 3) oral contraceptives 4) steroids 5) accutane |
| accutane: use, risk | 1) severe acne 2) increased suicide risk |
| electrolyte imbalances that cause depression | 1) increased sodium bicarbonate 2) increased Ca 3) decreased Mg 4) decreased Na 5) increased OR decreased K |
| Nutritional deficiencies | 1) thiamine (B1) 2) B12 3) niacin 4) Vitamin C 5) iron 6) folic acid 7) zinc |
| causes: psychosocial | 1) Freud: rage is internally directed bc of ID w the lost object 2) learned helplessness from multiple failures 3) Object loss theory 4) Beck's cognitive Theory 5) Mahler: emotional unavailability of parent |
| Object Loss theory | separated or abandoned from a loved one during the first 6m of life |
| Beck's cognitive theory | 1) negative view of self, world and future 2) pessimistic mindset 3) stress and negative mindset cause depression |
| Mahler's theory | if a mother has depression, her children ages 3-4 are more likely to develop emotional problems |
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