Chapter: 15 Therapy
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Created by:
melissajohns on December 2, 2011
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 History of the Treatment of Insanity | Maltreatment of the insane throughout the ages was the result of irrational views Many patients were subjected to strange, debilitating, and downright dangerous treatments |
| Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix | Reformers who pioneered transition from brutal to gentler treatments of the insane |
| Biomedical Therapy | Uses drugs or other procedures that act on the patient's nervous system, treating his or her psychological disorders |
| Psychotherapy | Involves an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and a patient/client |
| Eclectic Approach | An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy A blend of therapies |
| Psychotherapy Integration | Combines a selection of assorted techniques into a single, coherent system |
| Major Forms of Psychological Therapies | Based on different theories of human nature: Psychoanalytic theory Humanistic theory Behavioral theory Cognitive theory |
| Psychotherapy | Treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth |
| Psychoanalysis | The first formal psychotherapy to emerge Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique Freud believes the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences- and the therapist's interpretations of them- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self insight |
| Freud Therapy Today | Few clinicians practice therapy as Freud used to, but some of his techniques and assumptions survive, especially in the psychodynamic therapies |
| Psychoanalysis: Aims | Since psychological problems originate from childhood repressed impulses and conflicts, the aim of psychoanalysis is to bring repressed feelings into conscious awareness where the patient can deal with them When energy devoted to id-ego-superego conflicts is released, the patient's anxiety lessens |
| Psychoanalysis: Methods | Dissatisfied with hypnosis, Freud developed the method of free association to unravel the unconscious mind and its conflicts |
| Resistance | In psychoanalysis, editing your thoughts, omitting what seems trivial, irrelevant, or shameful Also includes pausing, changing the subject, forgetting |
| Interpret | In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight |
| Transferring | In psychoanalysis the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent |
| Psychodynamic Therapists | Try to understand a patient's current symptoms by focusing on themes across important relationships, including childhood |
| Interpersonal Psychotherapy | A variation of psychodynamic therapy, is effective in treating depression It focuses on symptom relief here and now, not an overall personality change |
| Humanistic Therapists | Aim to boost self-fulfillment by helping people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance |
| Insight Therapies | A variety of therapies which aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses |
| Humanistic DIfferent from Psychoanalytic | Present/Future feelings rather than past feelings Conscious thoughts rather than unconscious thoughts Taking responsibility Promoting growth rather than curing illness, clients rather than patients |
| Client-Centered Therapy | Form of Humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers "Nondirective" therapy The therapist listens to the needs of the patient in an accepting and non-judgmental way, addressing problems in a productive way and building his or her self-esteem |
| Active Listening | In humanistic therapy when therapist echoes, restates, and clarifies the patient's thinking, acknowledging expressed feelings |
| Unconditional Positive Regard | A caring, accepting, non judgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed to be conductive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance Used in humanistic therapy |
| Three Steps of Active Listening | 1. Paraphrase what they've said 2. Invite clarification, ask questions 3. Reflect feelings |
| Behavior Therapy | Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors To treat phobias or sexual disorders, behavior therapists do not delve deeply below the surface looking for inner causes |
| Classical Conditioning Techniques | Techniques used in behavior therapy |
| Counterconditioning | A procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors It is based on classical conditioning and includes exposure therapy and aversive conditioning. Pairs the trigger stimulus with a new response |
| Exposure Therapy | Expose patients to things they fear and avoid Through repeated exposures, anxiety lessens because they habituate to the things feared |
| Systematic Desensitization | A type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli commonly used to treat phobias |
| Progressive Relaxation | A technique of learning to relax by focusing on relaxing each of the body's muscle groups in turn |
| Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy | An anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking |
| Averse Conditioning | A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as alcohol). |
| Behavior Modification | Operant conditioning used by therapists to reinforce desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors or punishing them |
| Behavior Modification in Use | A number of withdrawn, uncommunicative 3-year-old autistic children have been successfully trained by giving and withdrawing reinforcements for desired and undesired behaviors |
| Token Economy | An operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats |
| Critics of Behavior Modification | How durable are the behaviors? Will people become dependent on extrinsic rewards? Ethically, Is it right for one human to control another's behavior? |
| Cognitive Therapy | Teaches people adaptive ways of thinking and acting based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions Cognitive therapists often combine the reversal of self-defeated thinking with efforts to modify behavior |
| Aaron Beck | Cognitive pioneer in Cognitive Therapy Suggested negative beliefs cause depression Beck believed that cognitions such as "I can never be happy" need to change in order for depressed patients to recover This change is brought about by gently questioning patients (challenging these thoughts) |
| Stress Inoculation Training | Teaching people to restructure their thinking in stressful situations |
| Cognitive-Behavior Therapy | Aims to alter the way people act (behavior therapy) and alter the way they think (cognitive therapy) |
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