| Term | Definition |
|---|
| 67 and 68 AD | Rebellion in Judea |
| Judea | was a client kingdom, -split into 3 divisions, -was made a province under the reign of Claudius |
| 3 divisions of Judea | Northern division- Galilee, Middle-Jerusalem, South-Massada |
| Galba | Puts down a revolt in Gaul led by a former royal governor by the name of Vindex and Puts down a revolt in Gaul led by a former royal governor by the name of Vindex, -Was not liked by the senate and had served as a royal governor of Spain |
| Galba as emperor | Emperor for about 4-5 months, -Executed 7,000 soldiers (sailors wanted more pay and Galba executes them),-Praetorian Guard wanted a bonus and so did his soldiers, but he refused, -Chose his heir to be Piso |
| Ortho | Felt betrayed b/c he had been close friends with Nero and marched on Rome to fight Galba,- Bribed some of the 12 members of the praetorian guard and had Galba murdered in public and chopped off his head |
| Ortho conti. | Galba's head was carried like a football and given to Ortho for 100 gold pieces (filled his head with lead to make it heavier; gift was paid according to weight) |
| Ortho as emperor | has to quickly defend position against Vitellius |
| First battle fought in Po Valley (Ortho emperor) | Cremona – 40,000 soldiers killed on each side; Vitellius had many Germans in his army |
| Second battle fought in Po Valley (Ortho emperor) | Second battle just as ferocious Ortho commits suicide due to amount of deaths on these battles |
| Vitellius | attended many feasts along the way to Rome, civilians affected by civil wars, Defeated by Vespasian |
| The Flavians | Vespasian and his sons Titus and Domitian |
| Vespasian | -Came from a poor background, -Governor of Syria, Mucianus, decided to support Vespasian as the new emperor b/c he had no sons and Vespasian had two, loyal to Rome, and good military victories, -One of the men that deserted against Vitellius, Primus, was captured by one of Vespasian's sons, Domitian, and, - Vespasian becomes emperor after the death of Vitellius |
| Vespasian as the emperor | Built a temple of peace describe as one of the 7 wonders of the world,-Jewish revolt put down by AD 73,- Relocated armies that had once been under the command of enemy commander,- Broke down the armies along the Rhine and Danube b/c they were large enough to overthrow him,- Declared himself emperor when his troops recognized him (not the Senate to show that the army was in charge) |
| Vespasian as the emperor part 2 | Raised taxation in the provinces,-He taxed animals and urine, example: Titus thought taxing urine was absurd and Vespasian thrusts a coin under his nose and said, 'Smell this.' Titus said he could not smell anything; the purpose was to fill the Roman treasury back full again |
| Vespasian as the emperor part 3 | *Began the construction of the Colosseum (Amphitheatre Flavian), -This is the correct spelling b/c it was named after a large statue that portrayed Nero as Helios, the sun god wearing nothing by a crown and holding a scepter |
| death of Vespasian | On his death bed, Vespasian declared, "Vae, puto dues fio." (Oh oh, I think I am turning into a god) Died of a natural death (illness) |
| Titus | Had his political rivals executed in AD 79, -During his reign, three important events occurred: 1. Mt. Vesuvius erupted, wiping out the city of Pompeii and Herculaneum, 2. -While supervising relief work for the destroyed cities in Campania, a great fire broke out in fire and destroyed many important buildings and documents, 3. -A bad plague broke out |
| Titus conti. | In AD 81, the Colosseum was officially opened for games and Titus held about 300 games to commemorate the memory of his father,-On his death bed he wept and according to Dio Cassius, Titus was upset b/c he had not found a successor, - He did not want his brother to be heir b/c he believed that he would be a disastrous emperor |
| Domitian | The last of the Flavians ,-Had no military experience and little political experience,- Ignored the Senate and devoted his time and attention to the army, the people of Rome, and the provinces,- Seduced his niece Julia and caused her premature death by a forced abortion,- Had three of the Vestal Virgins executed for immorality and another was entombed alive,- The walls of his palace were darkened with mirrors of dark, highly polished marble |
| Domitian conti. | Encouraged and supported treason trials,- AD 89 Lucius Antonius Saturninus led a conspiracy with his troops against Domitian (stationed in Upper Germany);Put down quickly by future emperor Trajan,- Wore a triumphant costume in the Senate,- Led campaigns into Germania and Dacia,- Increased public works program and troops' pay,- Eventually became paranoid b/c his advisors reported of assassination plots against his life,-AD 96, Domitian is assassinated |
| Sicarii | Jewish terrorists who stabbed people with knives and hated everything Roman (a.k.a. Zelots) |
| Josephus | Jew who turned Roman and wrote an account on the Jewish Wars b/w The Jews and Rome ,-Well educated and fluent in Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Aramaic |
| Jewish Rebellion | Jew didnt have real soldiers fighting and were defeated by Vespasian and his son Titus, -All the Jews commit suicide, but could not kill themselves (against religion); drew lots and the one who drew the appropriate lot had to kill the others and then himself in order to prevent women and children from being enslaved Josephus was a Jewish general who had surrendered and was discovered hiding in a sewer |
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