APUSH chpt 15/16 (civil war+reconstruction)
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57 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cooperationists | those who beleived slave states should act as a unit |
| crittenden compromise | created to stop souther sucession threats points: -missouri compromise spread to pacific, -federal compensation to owners of escaped slaves, - forbids gov from EVER messing with slavery in south |
| fort sumter | first shots of Civil War---north wins |
| total war | involves every aspect of society everyone....everything |
| Union Advantages | population railroads industry |
| confederate advantages | can do more with less armies have easier tasks familiar terrain friendly population |
| union strategies | capturing confederate capital anaconda policy |
| Confederate strategies | defensive |
| soldier life | terrible most killed by diseases from amputation bad food (esppecially in south) |
| Prison Camps | exchange- man for man, at beginning of war exchange ends(issues with not allowing blacks)-drastic overpopulation Andersonville (South)-the worst. over 1/4 die. nowheres near enough supplies Camp Douglass (Northh)- 20% death rate. in illinoise. originally training/detention camp elmera(north)- worst of north (yet nowheres near as bad as andersonville) |
| Bull Run | first major battle- Manassas junction, Virginia (bull run river) people go and watch on picnics... makes both sides realize war wont be easy south wins |
| Fort Henry and Donelson | union captures both forces confederates to retreat from kentucky and mid-tennesee |
| shiloh | union waiting for more troops before they go into mississippi. Confederates attack before reinforcements get there. union is better trained and overcomes attack and wins union wins, yet loses more men |
| new orleans | Fort Jackson, Fort Saint Philip--in April had been largest city in south-huge trading port David Farragut in charge (navy) union wins-then controls most trade in south |
| monitor vs merrimack | submarines union ship monitor kills confederate submarine merrimack ends confederates stream of wins on water |
| seven day battle/richmond | 6 major battles near richmond, VA Lee vs McClennen |
| Antietam/Sharpsburg | in Sharpsburg, Maryland (antietam river) Lee vs McClennen deadliest DAY in american history (3000+(bothsides) dead) Confederates Retreat, considered a draw, sorta north win (lee doesnt reinvade). gave lincoln confidence to issue emancipation proclomation disencourages europe from getting involved |
| fredericksburg | uphill charge union failure-twice as many deaths as confederates |
| (British neutrality) Trent Incident | Southerners go on Trent (ship) to Britain in hopes of getting help. Union stops and boards ship, takes the southerners as prisoner this is an act of war and britain threatens to join war against north-so lincoln apologizes, frees southerners, and all is good |
| (British neutrality) the alabama | british ship sold to south ship puts down 62 union ships after war, union bills south 15.5 mil for damage it did...and britain pays it...? |
| king cotton | britain gets cotton from egypt instead england doesnt wanna help south |
| emancipation proclomation | gives south 100 days to surrender and they can keep slaves (they dont...) so... slaves in all southern states are free (4 northern slave states stilll have slavery...) but..slaves really only free when union army there allows african americans to join union army |
| african americans in war | blacks paid less treated worse by conffederates 16 medal of honors awarded to blacks fort pillow-manned by union unit of A.A. attacked by confederates-union surrenders-confederates massacre them instead of take prisoner |
| enrollment act | outright inscription for white men-wealthy can hire substitutes draft riots-by people without money to hire people and dont wanna fight for blacks bounties-union pays soldiers to fight |
| copperheads | people living in north who sympathize with south and thinks lincoln has too much power and is doing too much viewed as traitors lincoln throws them in jail, no right to habeus corpus (right to trial) 13000 northerners thrown in jail |
| chancellorsville | may 1863 confederate army half unions size union loses demonstrates lees superior generalship |
| vicksburg | on mississippi river (anaconda plan) union surrounds vicksburg (full of civilians) and bombs for 30 days straight women of vicksburg surrender-sick of it. no 4th of july there until 1942 cuz they're so POed |
| gettysburg | pennsylvania considered turning point in war (cuz confederates never really recover) lee vs meade by day 3, confederates desperate and do charge uphill after defeat, lee able to flee-lincoln unhappy with meade for letting him get free |
| gettysburg address | by lincoln we're stilly ONE country (still united) |
| wilderness, spotsylvania, cold harbor | in virginia lots of deaths opens way for richmond to be taken |
| atlants and march to the sea | by general sherman destroy everything for 25 mile stretch, 500 miles long burns atlanta to the ground. harsh but effective |
| election of 1864 | lincoln vs McClellen lincoln winning disencourages south |
| Petersburg | grant vs lee reattacks lees already exhausted army, they surrender---see appomattox |
| appomattox | surrender. april 9 7 days before lincoln killed union soldiers salute confederates as they march through |
| lincolns assasination | april 1865 lincoln blamed for manumission JW Booth |
| 13th amendment | abolishes slavery everywhere |
| Proclamatino of Amnesty and Reconstruction | lincolns plan 10% south pledges loyal and its over...they can get back in |
| radical reconstruction | congress plan (Thaddeua stevens and charles sumner) wants south to pay |
| Wade-Davis Bill | 50% south has to pledge loyal, then they can START process to come back chosen part of congress's radical reconstruction |
| state conventions (reconstruction) | Johnson's plan ...states should be in charge. as long as they: go with 13th amendment, pay off debt, and make secession illegal. |
| black codes | ways to discriminate against black even with new rights and such (blacks arrested for being unemployed, cant go into lots of private buisnesses, violence for going to polls) |
| 14th amendment | Civil Rights Act 1866 all people equal |
| Tenure of Office Act 1867 | made to get Johnson impeached president cant fire anyone without congress approval---johnson fires secretary of war impeachment trial called upon--but vote not enough to impeach because 7 congressmen vote against party because they think it''ll mess with order later (every time congress doesnt like pres just sabatoge until impeached...) |
| sharecropping | whites own land with no workers, blacks need jobs... blacks get chunk of land to deal with, when crops come in, owner of land gets half ends badly....white land owners give blacks housing, food, supplies, etc...adding to bill-by time crops come in, blacks in debt. Basicaly just slavery |
| carpetbaggers | northerners who go into south to feed off of sourther ussues |
| scalawags | southerners...? |
| election of 1865 | Grant elected-good war hero, bad president brings back spoils system |
| panic of 1873 | southern and nothern forms of paper money (greenbackers). grant decides to make all paper money null and just use species....lots of inflation |
| 15th amendment | prohibits denial of ANY man to vote. no matter what. |
| ku klux klan | basically makes 15th amendment mean nothing to blacks--cuz they'll get you... vote democratic or dont vote at all... |
| force acts- | aka ku klux klan act makes interfereing with voting a federal crime, gives government supervision of elections -slows down violence enough to have fair 1872 election (republicans (blacks) still hold most power in southern states) |
| grants presidency scandals | whisky ring- whisky tax goes right into gov. officials pockets credit mobieler scandel- VP and others take $ from railroads 1 person ends up owning ALL gold-prices skyrocket money from NA tribes go into gov. officials pockets |
| election of 1876 | Tilden(democrat) vs Hayes(republican) tilden=popular vote compromise of 1877- hayes will be president (by electoral college) if troops will be withdrawn from south, and home rule restored in south --reconstruction period officially ends--south completely controlled by white democrats |
| redeemers | men who came to power in the wake of radical reconstruction falling -old souths ruling planter class, commercial/industrial impact-economical development, professional politicians laissez-faire(gov should be limited and stay out of economic issues)+white supremency new gov. more economical (less schools, less public goods,) but less honest rejects intrests of suffering small white farmers |
| jim crow | poll taxes (pay to vote, freedment have no $) literacy tests (smart to vote, freedmen not educated) |
| Civil RIghts Bill of 1875 | not passes wouldve made ANY segregation illegal... was ruled unconstitutional |
| Plessy vs Ferguson | Affrican American asked to switch train cars "seperation but equal" equal part forgotten with time... |
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