| Term | Definition |
| John Brown's Raid | Oct. 16, 1859; John Brown attacks Harper's Ferry to steal and give guns to slaves to kill their owners and run away, but it failed |
| Secession | to withdraw |
| Robert E. Lee | Future Civil War hero/ captured Brown |
| Crusified Hero | Henry David Thoreau's comparison of Brown |
| martyr | a person who dies for their belief |
| hung | Ending of John Brown; December 2, 1859 |
| Constitutional Union Party | Political party that recognized "no political principles other than the constitution of the country, the Union of the states, and the enforcement of the laws." |
| Stephen Douglas | Northern Democtratic nominated for POTUS in the Election of 1860 |
| John C. Breckinridge | Southern Democrat nominated for POTUS in the Election of 1860 |
| Abraham Lincoln | Republican nominated for POTUS in the Election of 1860 |
| John Bell | Constitutional nominated for POTUS in the Election of 1860 |
| Lincoln/ Douglas | Northern voting choices in election of 1860 |
| Breckinridge/ Bell | Southern voting choices in election of 1860 |
| John J. Crittenden | Senator from Kentucky who proposed a series of constitutional amendments to satisfy the south by allowing slavery in all territories |
| Confederate States of America | February 4, 1861; six of seven seceding staes met in Montgomerey, Alabama to establish; passed on February 8, 1861 |
| South Carolina | first state to secede |
| Sam Houston | didn't support secession so he left Texas |
| Jefferson Davis | elected president for the Confederate Staes of America |
| Abraham Lincoln | POTUS from 1861-1865; Won the Election of 1860 |