Ch 15 second 1/2
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Accuracy motive | we are motivated to be seen as right in the face of others. |
| Attitude | an enduring positive or negative evaluation towards an object or an event. |
| Belief | an enduring piece of knowledge about an object or an event. |
| Informational Influence | A phenomenon whereby a persons behavior is influenced by another person's behavior because the latter provides information about what is good or true |
| Formation of attitudes | -direct contact with the person, situation, object, or idea. -direct instruction from parents or others. -interacting with other people who hold a certain attitude. -watching the actions and reactions of others to ideas, people, objects, and situations. |
| Persuasion | a phenomenon that occurs when a person's attitudes or beliefs are influenced by communication from another person. |
| Systematic persuasion | a change in attitudes of beliefs that is brought about by appeals to reason. |
| Heuristic persuasion | a change in attitudes or beliefs that is brought about by appeals to habit or emotion. |
| Cognitive dissonance | an unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of their actions,attitudes, and beliefs. |
| Social cognition | the process by which people come to understand others and the social world around them. |
| Stereotyping | the process by people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong. |
| Perceptual confirmation | phenomenon that occurs when observers perceive what they expect to perceive. |
| Self-fulfilling prophecy | phenomenon whereby observers bring about what they expect to perceive. |
| Subtyping | process of creating a modification to a stereotype (rather than abandoning it all together) when confronted with a evidence that clearly disconfirms that stereotype evidence. |
| Attribution | the process of explaining one's own behavior and the behavior of others. |
| Attribution Theory | the theory of how people make attributions. |
| Situational cause | cause of behavior attributed to external factors, such as delays, the actions of others, or some other aspect of the situation. |
| Dispositional cause | cause of behavior attributed to internal factors such as personality or character. |
| Fundamental attribution error | aka actor-observer bias. According to Lee Ross, the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors in determining behavior while underestimating situational factors. |
| Groupthink | kind of thinking that occurs when people place more focus on maintaining group cohesiveness than assessing the facts of the problem with which the group is concerned. |
| Consumer psychology | branch of psychology that studies the habits of consumers in the marketplace, including compliance. |
| Compliance | changing one's behavior as a result of other people asking or directing the change. |
| Impression formation | forming of the first knowledge a person has about another person. |
| Primacy effect | the very first impression one has about a person tends to persist even in the face of evidence to the contrary. |
| Prosocial behavior | socially desirable behavior that benefits others. |
| Bystander effect | referring to effect that the presence of other people has on the decision to help or not help, with help becoming less likely as the number of bystanders increase. |
| Diffusion of responsibility | occurring when one fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility. |
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