World Religion's Final Exam
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Created by:
MosesBerdy on December 5, 2011
Subjects:
religions, history, social science, social studies
Description:
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51 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Chronological Order of Religions | Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Confucianism, Daoism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Reformed Judaism, Mormonism, Jehovah's Witnesses, Conservative Judaism, Scientology |
| Vedas | the most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance on ritual for the priests of Vedic religion. Believed to have been directly revealed to seers among the early Aryans in India, and preserved by oral tradition, the four chief collections are the Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda. |
| Upanishads | Later books of the vedas consisting of complex philosophical explanations of the Vedic religion |
| Karma | In Hindu belief, all the actions that affect a person's fate in the next life |
| Dharma | the religious and moral duties of Hindus |
| Samsara | The wheel of rebirth or reincarnation; the this-worldly realm in which rebirth occurs. |
| Brahmin | The highest of the four classes of the caste system, made up of priests. |
| Atman | the eternal Self or soul on an individual that is reincarnated from one body to the next and is ultimately identified with Atman. |
| Harappan Civilization | 2750 BCE |
| Bhagavad Gita | The most important work of Indian sacred literature, a dialogue between the great warrior Arjuna and the god Krishna on duty and the fate of the spirit. |
| Holi | The festival of colors, celebrating equality |
| Deepavali/Divali | festival of light in October-November, when lamps are lit |
| Bhakti | loving devotion to a deity leading to salvation and Nirvana |
| Puja | hindu devotional worship of deities at home or in a temple |
| Triple Gem of Buddhism | the buddha, the dharma, the sangha |
| Four Noble Truths | 1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path |
| Eightfold Path | right views, right thought, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right endeavor, right awareness, and right contemplation. seen as the "midle way" |
| Buddha | An Indian prince named Siddhartha Gautama, who renounced his wealth and social position. After becoming 'enlightened' (the meaning of Buddha) he enunciated the principles of Buddhism. (180) |
| Nirvana | a condition of great peace or happiness |
| Dalai Lama | The spiritual leader of Vajrayana (Tibetan) Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara |
| Tripitaka | means "Three Baskets of Wisdom" and contains Buddha's teachings |
| Theraveda | "the way of the elders"; focuses on the earliest texts and emphasizes monastic lifestyle |
| Mahayana | the later of the two great schools of Buddhism, chiefly in China, Tibet, and Japan, characterized by eclecticism and a general belief in a common search for salvation, sometimes thought to be attainable through faith alone. |
| Tibetan/Vajarayana | ... |
| Ahimsa | the hindu idea of nonviolence |
| Vardharmana Mahavira | Leader of the Jain Religion |
| Digambara | "the sky clad". a branch of Jainism with people who don't wear clothes in order to get rid of possessions. Women can't reach enlightentment |
| Svetembara | more liberal in the interpretation of Mahavira's teachings; wear a white cloack |
| Pratikramana | ritual performed 2x a day by Jains to wipe their slate clean through ritual & confession (like Catholic confession). Must be done at least ONCE a year. |
| Guru Nanak | founder of Sikhism |
| Adi Granth | The principal sacred text of Sikhism contains hymns and poetry as well as the teachings of the first five gurus |
| Khalsa | the group of initiated Sikhs to which devout orthodox Sikhs are ritually admitted at puberty |
| 5 K's | Kesh (uncut hair), Kachera (wooden comb), Kangha (white pants), Kara (steel bracelet), Kirpan (short sword) |
| Onkar | In Sikhism, "true teacher". Formless, resides in the human heart. Devotion to Onkar expressed inwardly. |
| Gurdwara | Sikh place of worship |
| Analects | a record of the words and acts of the central Chinese thinker and philosopher Confucius and his disciples |
| Confucius | Chinese philosopher, administrator, and moralist. His social and moral teachings, collected in the Analects , tried to replace former religious observances |
| Five Relationships | a doctrine summarizing the proper ethical principle for each basic human relationship, such as duty between ruler and subject, 1. husband and wife 2. parent and child 3. elder and younger brother 4. ruler and Minister or subject 5. friend and friend |
| Tian | heaven |
| Neo-Confucianism | A philosophy that blended Confucianism with Buddhism and Daoism |
| Human-Heartedness | Goodness or Virtue |
| Propriety | the state of being proper, appropriateness; standards of what is proper or socially acceptable Correct or appropriate behavior |
| Dao | the character itself translates as "way," "path," or "route," it is used philosophically to signify the or true nature of the world. |
| Daodejing | book that is the fundamental work of Daoism |
| Laozi | the "Old Master" who encouraged people to give up worldly desires in favor of nature; he founded Taoism (Daoism) |
| Wuwei | Non-action, the preferred Daoist path of least resistance, allowing things to run their natural course--- GO WITH THE FLOW |
| Inner Alchemy | Meditation and Qui (Chi) |
| Outer Alchemy | Putting things in your body that were not there naturally (gold, mercury) Elixer of Immortality |
| Celestial Master School | ... |
| Complete Perfection | form of Daoism; founded by Wang Chongyang; celibate, monastic; promotes unity of all faiths |
| Three forms of Globalization | 1. Diaspora - forced from homelands 2. Transnational religions - missionaries 3. Religious Pluralism - welcome differing religions into society |
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