| Term | Definition |
|---|
| earth science | geologic sciences. concerned with the orgin, structure, and physical phenomena of the earth and the solar system |
| scientific method about the earth | scientist make observations through seeing, smelling, and touching. after an observation they collect research. from this information they create a problem and a hypothesis and then use experiments to test the hypothesis. based on the result they come to conclusions |
| volcano | an openning in the earth's crust where hot, melted rock, called magma, from the inside of the earth comes to the surface. volcanoes look like ordinary mountains |
| volcano smoke | made of steam, hot gases, dust, and ash |
| volcanic eruption | when rivers of melted rock called lava rush from underground pools of magma rush to the earth's surface as a result of the increased pressure of gas inside of the earth |
| fault line | where most earthquakes take place. when pressure builds up one side of the fault slides rapidly along the other side of the fault releasing stored energy causing vibrations in the earth |
| richter scale | used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake |
| seismograph | measures an eathquake using a continulous line on a sheet of rolling sheet paper. the paper moves and the pen stays still |
| mineral | a solid natrual substance that does not come from anything living, about 2,000 of these make up the earth's crust |
| rock | a substance made of one or more minerals (sandstone, granite (continent), basalt "ocean") |
| oceanography | the study of the oceans. started in the 1870's with the voyage of the H.M.S. Challenger |
| how where oceans in low lying areas formed | when volcanoes realeased the water trapped in rock |
| how old is the oldest known part on the ocean floor | 200,000,000 |
| where are the earth's tallest mountains located | on the deep ocean floor |
| where in the thinnest crust on earth located | under the ocean |
| where is new ocean floor constantly forming | at mid ocean ridges |
| where does old ocean floor disappear | at the edges of crystal plates and trenches where the floor slides below the plate |
| fossil | remains or traces of plants and animals that lived long ago, they are uncommon because the soft parts are broken down from decaying bacteria, and the hard part are eroded away |
| where are fossils formed | when bodies are frozen in ice or barried in places like swamps and tar pits, or settled in bodies of water and buried by falling sediment |
| what does the earth orbit | the sun |
| how long is one earth orbit | 365 1/4 days |
| how long does one complete spin of the earth take | 24 hours |
| earth's axis | the axis is the imaginary line running from the north and south poles |
| what does the earth's tilt determine | daylight hours and seasons |
| how does water get into the air | evaporates into water vapor |
| luke howard | in 1803 at age thirty he classified the four types of clouds |
| cirrus cloud | the form is similar to a lock of curled hair |
| stratus cloud | the form is similar to thin straight layers of clouds |
| cumulus cloud | the form is similar to a heap or pile of clouds |
| nimbus cloud | means shower and this type contains rain |
| how does fog form | when warm moist air from over water moves in over cooler land |
| dew point | the temperature at which the air cools enough so that water vapor condenses back to water |
| smog | the combination of fog and smoke |
| how is snow/rain formed | water droplets in clouds freeze around tiny particles floating in the air creating crystals that grow larger when they become heavy enough these crystals fall and as they pass though lower layers of a cloud they continue to grow into snow flakes if it is warm near the ground the snow melts and falls as rain |
| solar system | made up of the sun and the objects that revolve around it, including moons and other satellites |
| satellite | a body that revolves around a planet |
| planet | a large body that revolves around the sun |
| how long does it take for the moon to revlove around the earth | 27 days |
| how many rotations does the moon make during each revolution | one |
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