Genomics II: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and Bioinformatics
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Created by:
lisale1019 on December 5, 2011
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Description:
Lectures 33-35
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Genomics | Involves the mapping of the entire genome and determining species' complete DNA sequence |
| Proteomics | Study of functional role of protein in an organism |
| Proteome | Entire collection of proteins in a given species |
| Microarray | Identify genes that are transcribe; microscope slide that is dotted with many different sequences of DNA |
| DNA microarray | Monitor the expression of thousands of genes simultaneously; gene chip |
| High fluorescent intensity | Large amount of cDNA is in the sample hybridized to the DNA in that location |
| Cluster analysis | Involves in identifying genes whose pattern of expression strongly correlates with one another |
| ChIP | Determine whether proteins can bind to a particular region of DNA |
| 2D gel electrophoresis | Used to separate a mixture of cellular proteins |
| Mass spectrometry | Used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein |
| Tandem mass spectrometry | Uses two spectrometry |
| Protein microarrays | Used to study protein expression and function |
| Antibody microarray | Aid in the study of protein expression |
| Functional protein microarray | Involve isolating cellular proteins and spotting them onto the microarray |
| Bioinformatics | Sequence files analyzed by computer programs |
| Algorithm | Series of computational operations |
| Database | Collection of a large number of computer date files |
| Genome databases | Focus on the genetic characteristics of a single species |
| Sequence element | Specialized sequence with a particular meaning or function |
| Open reading frame | Region of a nucleotide sequence that does not contain any stop codons |
| Homologus genes | Similiar genes that are derived from the same ancestral gene |
| Orthologs | Homologous genes that are found in different species |
| Paralogous genes | Two or more homologous genes that are found in the same organism |
| Gene family | Consists of two or more copies of homologous genes within the genome of a single organism |
| Homology | Implies common ancestry, similarity means only that two sequences are similar to each other |
| Matrix | Used to determine the degree of similarity between two sequences |
| BLAST program | Starts with a particular genetic sequence and then locates homologous sequences within the databases |
| Comparative approach | Method assumes that RNAs of similar function and sequence have similar structure |
| Computer methodology | Neural network has been applies to protein secondary structure predictions |
| Computer neural network | Large number of calculation units organized into interconnected layers |
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