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 Batholith | Very large hardened magma chamber |
| Caldera | Formed when the volcano collapses |
| Cinder cone volcano | Volcano formed when tephra accumulates on the sides and forms a steep-sided cone |
| Composite volcano | Volcano that is composed of layers of tephra and lava |
| Dike | Intrusive igneous rock body formed when magma is squeezed into a vertical crack that cuts across rock layers and solidifies |
| Hot spot | areas in the Earth's mantle that are hotter than then neighboring areas, where magma rises toward the crust and forms volcanoes |
| Lacolith | Magma that rose up between rock layers and hardened, but never formed a volcano |
| Lava | Molten rock that is above the Earth's surface |
| Magma | Molten rock that is below the Earth's surface |
| Magma chamber | Area below the volcano that holds the magma |
| Shield volcano | Volcano with gently sloping sides that is composed of layers of lava |
| Sill | Intrusive igneous rock body formed when magma is squeezed into horizontal crack between layers of rock that has solidified |
| Stratovolcano | Another name for a Composite volcano |
| Subduction zone | Area where one plate moves under another plate |
| Tephra | Materials such as ash, cinders, lava bombs that are expelled from a volcano during an eruption |
| Viscosity | Thickness of the lava |
| Volcanic neck | Feature that is formed when the central vent of a volcano that has solidified and the sides have eroded away |
| Volcano | Opening in the Earth's surface that often forms a mountain when materials such as lava and/or tephra build up. |