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reactants substances that undergo change products new substances formed as a result of that change chemical equation representation of a chemical reaction in which the reactants and products are expressed as formulas Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction coefficients The numbers you can change to balance a chemical equation balanced An equation is ___________ when equal numbers of the same atoms are on each side. mole amount of a substance that contains approximately 6.02 x 10^23 of that substance Avogadro's number 6.02 x 10^23 molar mass mass of one mole of a substance synthesis reaction reaction in which two or more substances react to form a single substance decomposition reaction reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances single-replacement reaction reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound double-replacement reaction a reaction in which two different compounds exchange positive ions and form two new compounds combustion reaction a reaction in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen, often producing heat and light oxidation any process in which an element loses electrons during a chemical reaction reduction any process in which an element gains electrons during a chemical reaction chemical energy energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substances requires Breaking chemical bonds ________ energy releases The formation of chemical bonds __________ energy greater In and exothermic reaction, the energy released as the products form is __________ than the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants greater In an endothermic reaction, the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants is _____ than the energy released by the formation reaction rate rate at which reactants change into products over time, tell you how quickly a reaction is going increase An increase in temperature will _________ the reaction rate increase An increase in surface area will _________ the reaction rate increase Stirring causes a(n) ___________ in reaction rates increase An increase in concentration will ________ the reaction rate catalyst substance that affects the reaction rate without being used up in the reaction over the arrow In a chemical equation, the catalyst is written _____ _____ _________ equilibrium state in which the forward and reverse paths of a change take place at the same rate reversible reaction reaction in which the conversion of reactants into products and the conversion of products into reactants can happen simultaneously relieves When a change is introduced to a system in equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts in the direction that _________ the change decreases If you increased the pressure of an equilibrium system, the equilibrium would shift in the direction that ___________ the pressure of the system produces If you removed ammonia from the nitrogen-hydrogen-ammonia equilibrium system, the equilibrium would shift in the direction that ____________ the ammonia.