| Term | Definition |
| textiles | yarn for weaving or knitting |
| spinning Jenny | an early spinning machine having more than one spindle |
| water powered loom | allowed the weaving of cloth to catch up with the increased spinning yarn |
| steam engine | an engine worked by steam and pumps water from the mines three times faster than the previous engines |
| agrarian | the division of land property |
| entrepreneur | a person who manages an empire |
| joint-stock bank | a group of people who put their saving together towards machinery for mills and factories |
| mill | a building equipped with machinery for processing raw materials into finished products |
| water wheel | a wheel turned by water and used to operate the machines in the mills |
| backwater | water forced back usually by a dam |
| bobbin | a spool that holds thread or yarn |
| carding | the process of untangling the wool before it goes into the loom |