| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Old Immigrants | Immigrants who came to the United States before the 1880s; most were from northern Europe. |
| New Immigrants | Immigrants who came to the United States during and after the 1880s; most were from southern and eastern Europe. |
| Steerage | Area in a ship's lower levels; many immigrants who came to the United States traveled in this less-expensive space. |
| Tenements | Poorly built, overcrowded housing where many immigrants lived. |
| Benevolent Societies | Organizations that helped immigrants in cases of sickness, unemployment, and death. |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | (1882) Law prohibiting Chinese people from immigrating to the United States for a period of 10 years; was extended into the early 1900s. |
| Immigration Restriction League | Organization formed in 1894 by nativists who wanted to reduce immigration. |
| mass transit | Public transportation. |
| suburbs | Residential neighborhoods surrounding a city. |
| department stores | Large retail shops that first appeared in cities in the late 1800s. |
| Settlement houses | Neighborhood centers that arose in the late 1800s to offer education, recreation, and social activities to immigrants and poor people. |
| Hull House | Settlement house founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in Chicago in 1889. |
| mass culture | Leisure and cultural activities shared by large numbers of people. |
| Linotype | An automatic typesetting machine that reduced the time and cost of printing. |
| realism | A writing style that became popular during the late 1800s that concentrates on presenting accurate images of American society. |
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